Full reference · edition 2026-08-20
55 jurisdictions. Each section below is collapsed by default — open the one you need. To see a single jurisdiction across all of them at once, use the lookup on the main page.
The statutory definition of the practice of engineering in each jurisdiction, with the licensing body and the currency of the provision. Citations carry a link where the survey recorded a source URL that resolved; the rest are published with their section number so the provision can be found directly.
| Jurisdiction | Definition of practice | Licensing board | Currency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Code of Alabama 1975, Title 34, Chapter 11, § 34-11-1(13) (the definition sits at subdivision (13) of the section the site cited)
Text taken from the licensing board's own published law, not the legislature's database.(13) PRACTICE OF ENGINEERING. a. Any professional service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to such services or creative work that includes any one or more of the following: "1. Consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design and design coordination, or commissioning of engineering works, products, and systems. "2. Planning the use of land, air, or water. "3. Performing engineering surveys and studies. "4. The review of construction for the purpose of monitoring compliance with drawings and specifications. "b. Any service or work described in paragraph a., either public or private, that is made in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, communications systems, transportation systems, industrial or consumer products, or equipment of a control system; or is of a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, environmental, or thermal nature, insofar as the service or work involves safeguarding health, life, safety, welfare, and property. |
State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors (statutory name, § 34-11-1(1): "The State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors provided for by Section 34-11-30."). The board's own cover page brands itself "Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors." | Board-attested only. |
| Alaska | AS 08.48.341(16)
(16) 'practice of engineering' means professional service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires the specialized knowledge of applied mathematics and sciences, dealing with the design of structures, machines, equipment, utilities systems, materials, processes, works, or projects, public or private; the teaching of advanced engineering courses in institutions of higher learning; the direction of or the performance of engineering surveys, consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, and professional observation of construction of public and private structures, works, or projects and engineering review of drawings and specifications by regulatory agencies; 'practice of engineering' may by regulation of the board include architectural building design of minor importance, but it does not include comprehensive architectural services; |
State Board of Registration for Architects, Engineers, and Land Surveyors (AS 08.48.011(a): "There is created the State Board of Registration for Architects, Engineers, and Land Surveyors.") | Current — retrieved from the legislature's 2025 statute compilation (page title "Alaska Statutes 2025"), the current edition. |
| Arizona | A.R.S. § 32-101(B)(11) ("Purpose; definitions")
11. 'Engineering practice' means any professional service or creative work requiring engineering education, training and experience in applying engineering principles and interpreting engineering data to engineering activities that clearly impact the health, safety and welfare of the public and the engineering design of buildings, structures, products, machines, processes and systems to the extent that the engineering education, training and experience requirements prescribed by sections 32-122 and 32-122.01 are necessary to protect the health, safety and welfare of the public. The services or creative work may include providing planning services, studies, designs, design coordination, drawings, specifications and other technical submissions, surveying as prescribed in paragraph 22, subdivisions (d) and (e) of this subsection, and reviewing construction or other design products for the purposes of monitoring compliance with drawings and specifications related to engineered works. |
State Board of Technical Registration (§ 32-101(B)(8): "'Board' means the state board of technical registration.") | Current as of 2026 — retrieved live from the legislature's ARS page. |
| Arkansas | A.C.A. § 17-30-101(4)(A)
Text taken from the licensing board's own published law, not the legislature's database.(4)(A) 'Practice of engineering' means a service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge in the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to services or creative work such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, and design of engineering works and systems relating to the use of air, land, water, municipal and regional planning, forensic services, engineering teaching of advanced engineering subjects or related courses, engineering surveys, and the inspection of construction to assure compliance with drawings and specifications that are related to public or private service or work, concerning any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, or projects including architectural work that is incidental to the practice of engineering. |
State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Surveyors (A.C.A. § 17-30-201(a): "There is created a State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Surveyors, consisting of nine (9) members to be appointed by the Governor.") | Board-attested. |
| California | Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 6747 (the industrial exemption the site meant). The licensure command is § 6730; California is a practice act for civil, electrical and mechanical engineering only.
6730. In order to safeguard life, health, property and public welfare, any person, either in a public or private capacity, except as in this chapter specifically excepted, who practices, or offers to practice, civil engineering, electrical engineering or mechanical engineering, in any of its branches in this state, including any person employed by the State of California, or any city, county, or city and county, who practices engineering, shall submit evidence that he or she is qualified to practice, and shall be licensed accordingly as a civil engineer, electrical engineer or mechanical engineer by the board. |
Board for Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors, and Geologists (BPELSG). Per the board's sunset report: "Effective January 1, 2011, the name of the Board was changed to the Board for Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors, and Geologists." | § 6747 current text carries "(Amended by Stats. 1997, Ch. 705, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.)" § 6732 carries "(Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 789, Sec. 15. Effective January 1, 2004.)" § 6738's operative version was amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 588, Sec. 6.5 (AB 3253), effective January 1, 2025, and repeals as of January 1, 2034 by its own terms, with a later operative version already enacted at Sec. 7.5. |
| Colorado | C.R.S. § 12-120-202(6)(a)
12-120-202. Definitions. As used in this part 2, unless the context otherwise requires: ... (6) (a) "Practice of engineering" means the performance for others of any professional service or creative work requiring engineering education, training, and experience and the application of special knowledge of the mathematical and engineering sciences to such professional services or creative work, including consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, and the observation of construction to evaluate compliance with plans and specifications in connection with the utilization of the forces, energies, and materials of nature in the development, production, and functioning of engineering processes, apparatus, machines, equipment, facilities, structures, buildings, works, or utilities, or any combination or aggregations thereof, employed in or devoted to public or private enterprise or uses. |
State board of licensure for architects, professional engineers, and professional land surveyors (§ 12-120-201: "...the state board of licensure for architects, professional engineers, and professional land surveyors, created in section 12-120-103..."). The 2026 Digest of Bills uses the identical name. | "Source: L. 2019: Entire title R&RE with relocations, (HB 19-1172), ch. 136, p. 876, § 1, effective October 1. L. 2024: (6)(b) amended, (HB 24-1329), ch. 342, p. 2316, § 15, effective August 7. Editor's note: This section is similar to former § 12-25-102 as it existed prior to 2019..." The section was RENUMBERED in 2019 from former § 12-25-102 by the Title 12 recodification (HB 19-1172) |
| Connecticut | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-299(1)
Sec. 20-299. Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) "Professional engineer" means a person who is qualified by reason of his knowledge of mathematics, the physical sciences and the principles of engineering, acquired by professional education and practical experience, to engage in engineering practice, including rendering or offering to render to clients any professional service such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design or responsible supervision of construction, in connection with any public or privately-owned structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works or projects in which the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, public health or property is concerned or involved; |
State Board of Examiners for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors (§ 20-299(6): "'Board' means the State Board of Examiners for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors appointed under the provisions of section 20-300." § 20-300: "There shall be in the Department of Consumer Protection a State Board of Examiners for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors, which shall consist of twelve persons appointed by the Governor...") | Current. |
| Delaware | 24 Del. C. § 2803(26)
§ 2803. Definitions. The following words, terms, and phrases, when used in this chapter, shall have the meaning ascribed to them, except where the context clearly indicates a different meaning; ... (26) "Practice of engineering" or "to practice engineering" includes any professional service performed for the general public such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, or responsible supervision of construction or operation in connection with any public or private buildings, structures, utilities, machines, equipment, processes, works, or projects wherein the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health or property is concerned or involved when such professional service requires the application of engineering principles and data, but it does not include the work ordinarily performed by persons who operate or maintain machinery or equipment, neither does it include engineering services performed by an employee of a firm or corporation that does not offer professional engineering services to the general public. |
Delaware Association of Professional Engineers (DAPE). § 2803(7): "'Association' shall mean the Delaware Association of Professional Engineers." § 2804 is headed "Delaware Association of Professional Engineers; objectives." Its governing body is "the Council of the Delaware Association of Professional Engineers" (§ 2807), and licensure is issued by the Council (§ 2803(27): "'Professional engineer' shall mean a person who has been duly licensed as a professional engineer by the Council."). | Current. |
| District of Columbia | D.C. Official Code § 47-2853.131 ("Scope of practice for engineers"), Title 47, Chapter 28, Subchapter I-B, Part J (Professional Engineers); Act cited generally as D.C. Official Code § 47-2853.01 et seq.
"practice of engineering" means "the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical and engineering sciences and the methods of engineering analysis and design in the performance of services and creative work including consultation, investigation, expert technical testimony, evaluation, planning, design and design coordination of engineering works and systems, planning the use of land and water, performing engineering surveys and studies, and the review of construction for the purpose of monitoring compliance with drawings and specifications, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, and industrial or consumer products, or equipment of a control systems, communications, mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or thermal nature, that may involve safeguarding life, health, or property, and including such other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress, and completion of any engineering services." |
Board of Professional Engineering — D.C. Official Code § 47-2853.06 ("Establishment of boards") lists it among eight boards. Credits: Apr. 20, 1999, D.C. Law 12-261, § 1002, 46 DCR 3142; amended through Dec. 17, 2024, D.C. Law 25-244, § 2(c), 71 DCR 12992. | — |
| Florida | Fla. Stat. § 471.003(1) (prohibition on unlicensed practice); Fla. Stat. § 471.005(7) (definition of “Engineering”)
"Engineering" includes the term "professional engineering" and means any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to such services or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, and design of engineering works and systems ... insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health, or property; and includes such other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress, and completion of any engineering services. [§ 471.005(7)] — the prohibition, § 471.003(1): "No person other than a duly licensed engineer shall practice engineering or use the name or title of 'licensed engineer,' 'professional engineer,' or any other title, designation, words, letters, abbreviations, or device tending to indicate that such person holds an active license as an engineer in this state." |
Board of Professional Engineers (§ 471.005(1): "'Board' means the Board of Professional Engineers."). "FBPE" is the board's own branding for the Florida Board of Professional Engineers; the statutory name has no "Florida" in it. | Current. |
| Georgia | O.C.G.A. § 43-15-2(10)
Text taken from the licensing board's own published law, not the legislature's database.(10) “Professional engineering” means the practice of the arts and sciences, known as engineering, by which mechanical properties of matter are made useful to mankind in structures and machines and shall include any professional service, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, designing, or responsible supervision of construction or operation, in connection with any public or private utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works, or projects, wherein the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health, or property is concerned or involved, when such professional service requires the application of engineering principles and data and training in the application of mathematical and physical sciences. An individual shall be construed to practice or offer to practice professional engineering, within the meaning of this chapter, who by verbal claim, sign, advertisement, letterhead, card, or in any other way represents or holds himself or herself out as a professional engineer or engineer or as able or qualified to perform engineering services or who performs any of the services set out in this paragraph. Nothing contained in this chapter shall include the work ordinarily performed by individuals who operate or maintain machinery or equipment. |
State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors — the statutory / board-letterhead name, verbatim from its own application forms: "Secretary of State / STATE BOARD OF REGISTRATION FOR PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS / 237 Coliseum Drive Macon, Georgia 31217-3858 / (844) 753-7825". The Georgia Administrative Code Department 180 amendment notes use the same name. The Secretary of State site's web/branding name is "Georgia Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors Board." | Live, neither superseded nor repealed, and recently amended twice. |
| Guam | 22 GCA (Guam Code Annotated) sec. 32103(a)(6) - Title 22 (Business Regulations), Division 3, Chapter 32 (The Professional Engineers, Architects and Land Surveyors Law, 'PEALS'). The practice-of-engineering definition is at subsection (a) ('Engineer'), paragraph (6), of the definitions section. The companion licensure command is at 22 GCA sec. 32102 (General Provisions). NOTE: the tasking's pointer to '22 GAR' is a different body of law - GAR is the Guam Administrative Rules and Regulations; the statute is 22 GCA. Chapters 33 and 34 of 22 GCA are vacant.
(6) Practice of Engineering means any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to such services or creative work as consultation, investigation, expert technical testimony, evaluation, planning, design, and design coordination of engineering works and systems, planning the use of land, air and water, teaching of advanced engineering subjects, performing engineering studies and the review and/or management of construction for the purpose of monitoring and/or ensuring compliance with drawings and specifications; any of which embraces such services of work, either public or private, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, communication systems, transportation systems, and industrial or consumer products, or equipment of a control systems, communications, mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, environmental or thermal nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health, or property, and including such other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress, and completion of any engineering services. |
Guam Board of Registration for Professional Engineers, Architects and Land Surveyors. THE STATUTE IS INTERNALLY INCONSISTENT AND THE INCONSISTENCY IS CARRIED RATHER THAN RESOLVED: the defined term at sec. 32103(h) reads 'Board means the Guam Board of Registration for Professional Engineers, Architects, and Land Surveyors, hereinafter provided by this Chapter', and sec. 32103(a)(2) and (b)(1),(3) use the same three-profession form; but sec. 32102 and sec. 32103(j) use the four-profession form 'Guam Board of Registration for Professional Engineers, Architects, Landscape Architects and Land Surveyors'. Both forms sit inside the same enacted chapter (P.L. 30-035). The board's own website uses the THREE-profession form, which matches the statutory definition at sec. 32103(h), and that is the form reported here as correct. | In force. |
| Hawaii | HRS § 464-1
"Professional engineer" means a person who holds oneself out as able to perform, or who does perform, any professional service such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, or observation of construction or operation, in connection with any public or private utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works, or projects, wherein the safeguarding of life, health, or property is concerned or involved, when such professional service requires the application of engineering principles and data. [HRS § 464-1. The licensing command, § 464-2: "In order to safeguard life, health, and property, no person except those exempted by sections 464-3 and 464-5 shall practice professional engineering, architecture, land surveying or landscape architecture in the State unless the person is duly licensed under this chapter."] |
State board of professional engineers, architects, surveyors, and landscape architects (HRS § 464-6: "There shall be a state board of professional engineers, architects, surveyors, and landscape architects hereinafter called 'the board'.") | Current. |
| Idaho | Idaho Code § 54-1202(11) ("Public" is separately defined at § 54-1202(14))
(11) "Professional engineering" and "practice of professional engineering" mean any service or creative work offered to or performed for the public for any project physically located in this state, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, designing, design coordination, teaching upper division engineering design subjects, and responsible charge of observation of construction in connection with any public or private utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works or projects, or to certify elevation information, wherein the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health, or property is concerned or involved, when such service requires the application of engineering principles and data. [§ 54-1202(14): "'Public' means any person, firm, corporation, partnership, company, government agency, institution or any other entity recognized by law."] |
Idaho Board of Licensure of Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors (chapter index, § 54-1203: "IDAHO BOARD OF LICENSURE OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS AND PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYORS"; confirmed again at § 54-1202(3): "'Board' means the Idaho board of licensure of professional engineers and professional land surveyors.") | Current. |
| Illinois | 225 ILCS 325/4(o) for the definition; 225 ILCS 325/2 is the short title ("Sec. 2. Short title. This Act shall be known and may be cited as the Professional Engineering Practice Act of 1989.")
(o) "Professional engineering practice" means the consultation on, conception, investigation, evaluation, planning, and design of, and selection of materials to be used in, administration of construction contracts for, or site observation of, an engineering system or facility, where such consultation, conception, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, selection, administration, or observation requires extensive knowledge of engineering laws, formulae, materials, practice, and construction methods. A person shall be construed to practice or offer to practice professional engineering, within the meaning and intent of this Act, who practices, or who, by verbal claim, sign, advertisement, letterhead, card, or any other way, is represented to be a professional engineer, or through the use of the initials "P.E." or the title "engineer" or any of its derivations or some other title implies licensure as a professional engineer, or holds himself or herself out as able to perform any service which is recognized as professional engineering practice. |
Professional Engineering Board (Sec. 6(a): "The Secretary shall appoint a Professional Engineering Board. The Board shall consist of 10 members who shall serve in an advisory capacity to the Secretary."). The licensing authority is IDFPR; the Board is advisory. | Current. |
| Indiana | IC 25-31-1-2(d) (see also IC 25-31-1-2(f) for "practice or offer to practice engineering")
(d) "Practice of engineering" means any service or creative work that the adequate performance of requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to services or creative work that includes the following: (1) Consultation. (2) Investigation. (3) Evaluation. (4) Planning, including planning the use of land and water. (5) The design of or the supervision of the design of engineering works and systems. (6) Engineering surveys and studies or the supervision of engineering surveys and studies, including all surveying activities required to support the sound conception, planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of engineered projects, but not including the surveying of real property for the establishment of land boundaries, subdivisions, rights-of-way, easements, and the dependent or independent surveys or resurveys of the public land survey system. (7) Evaluation of construction for the purpose of assuring compliance with specifications, plans, and designs, in connection with any public or private utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, or projects. The term "practice of engineering" does not include the work ordinarily performed by persons who operate or maintain machinery or equipment. |
State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers (IC 25-31-1-2(a): "'Board' means the state board of registration for professional engineers." IC 25-31-1-3(a): "Sec. 3. (a) The state board of registration for professional engineers is created.") | Current in the 2026 Indiana Code. |
| Iowa | Iowa Code § 542B.2(9)(a)
9. a. "Practice of engineering" means any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design and design coordination of engineering works and systems, planning the use of land and water, performing engineering surveys and studies, and the review of construction for the purpose of monitoring compliance with drawings and specifications, any of which embraces such services or creative work, either public or private, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, and industrial or consumer products or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or thermal nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health, or property, and including such other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress, and completion of the services identified in this subsection. [Licensing command, § 542B.1: "A person shall not engage in the practice of engineering or land surveying in the state unless the person is a licensed professional engineer or a licensed professional land surveyor as provided in this chapter, except as permitted by section 542B.26."] |
Engineering and Land Surveying Examining Board, housed in the Iowa Department of Inspections, Appeals, and Licensing (DIAL). § 542B.2(1): "'Board' means the engineering and land surveying examining board provided by this chapter." § 542B.3: "Engineering and land surveying examining board created. An engineering and land surveying examining board is created within the department of inspections, appeals, and licensing." Composition per § 542B.3: "The board consists of three members who are licensed professional engineers, two members who are licensed professional land surveyors, and two members who are not licensed..." | Current — this is the Iowa Code 2026 edition, PDF internally stamped "Tue Dec 09 22:02:17 2025 Iowa Code 2026, Chapter 542B". |
| Kansas | K.S.A. 74-7003(p)(1)
(p) (1) "Professional engineering" or "practice of engineering" means providing, offering to provide, or holding oneself out as able to provide professional engineering services, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical and engineering sciences, including the following: Common technical services, as defined in subsection (g); consulting, investigating, evaluating, planning and designing of engineering works and systems; producing engineering surveys and studies; and preparing any engineering design features which embrace such service or work, either public or private, for any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects and industrial or consumer products or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic or thermal nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding the health, safety, property or welfare of the public. |
state board of technical professions (K.S.A. 74-7003(d): "'Board' means the state board of technical professions."); the board's own site uses "Kansas State Board of Technical Professions" | Current. |
| Kentucky | KRS 322.010(4)–(5)
(4) "Engineering" means any professional service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience as an engineer. (a) "Engineering" shall include: 1. Consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, certification, and design of engineering works and systems; a. Engineering design and engineering work associated with design/build projects; b. Engineering works and systems which involve earth materials, water or other liquids, and gases; c. Planning the use of land, air, and waters; and d. Performing engineering surveys and studies; 2. The review of construction for the purpose of assuring compliance with drawings and specifications; any of which embraces this service or work, either public or private, in connection with any utilities, structures, certain buildings, building systems, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, or projects with which the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health, or property is concerned, when that professional service or work requires the application of engineering principles and data; (5) "Practice of engineering" means the performance of any professional service included in subsection (4)(a) of this section; |
State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors (KRS 322.010(1): "'Board' means the State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors.") | Chapter 322 page states verbatim: "Includes enactments through the 2026 Regular Session" and "The KRS database was last updated on 08/20/2026". |
| Louisiana | La. R.S. 37:682(13)(a) (definition of the practice of engineering), cited together with La. R.S. 37:681 (the licensure mandate)
(13)(a) "Practice of engineering" shall mean responsible professional service which may include consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, designing, or inspection of construction in connection with any public or private utilities, structures, machines, equipment, processes, works, or projects wherein the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health, and property is concerned or involved, when such professional service requires the application of engineering principles and the interpretation of engineering data. (b) A person shall be construed to practice or offer to practice engineering: who practices in any discipline of the profession of engineering; or who, by verbal claim, sign, advertisement, letterhead, card, or in any other way represents himself to be a professional engineer; or who represents himself as able to perform; or who does perform any engineering service or work or any other professional service designated by the practitioner or recognized by educational authorities as engineering. The practice of engineering shall not include the work ordinarily performed by a person who himself operates or maintains machinery or equipment. |
Louisiana Professional Engineering and Land Surveying Board — La. R.S. 37:682(2), verbatim: "(2) 'Board' shall mean the Louisiana Professional Engineering and Land Surveying Board, provided for by this Chapter." LAPELS is the board's own acronym for that name, used in its site title. Correct. | "Acts 1980, No. 568, §1; Acts 1997, No. 361, §1; Acts 1999, No. 396, §1; Acts 2003, No. 279, §5; Acts 2020, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 2, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2021." Latest amendment: Acts 2020, 2nd Ex. |
| Maine | 32 M.R.S. §1251(3)
3. Practice of professional engineering. "Practice of professional engineering" means any professional service, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design or responsible supervision of construction in connection with any public or private utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works or projects, wherein the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health or property is concerned or involved, when such professional service requires the application of engineering principles and data. [PL 2013, c. 296, §1 (AMD).] 4. Professional engineer. "Professional engineer" means a person who, by reason of a knowledge of mathematics, the physical sciences and the principles of engineering, acquired by professional education and practical experience, is qualified to engage in engineering practice as defined. [PL 2013, c. 296, §1 (AMD).] |
State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers — §1251(1), verbatim: "'Board' means the State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers." [PL 2005, c. 315, §2 (AMD).] The board operates at maine.gov/professionalengineers under that name. | "PL 1995, c. 355, §1 (AMD). PL 2005, c. 315, §2 (AMD). PL 2013, c. 296, §1 (AMD). PL 2019, c. 375, §§1-2 (AMD)." Not repealed |
| Maryland | Md. Code Ann., Bus. Occ. & Prof. § 14-101 (definition of "practice engineering" at § 14-101(j))
(a) In this title the following words have the meanings indicated. ... (j) (1) "Practice engineering" means to provide any service or creative work the performance of which requires education, training, and experience in the application of: (i) special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences; and (ii) the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design. (2) In regard to a building or other structure, machine, equipment, process, works, system, project, or public or private utility, "practice engineering" includes: (i) consultation; (ii) design; (iii) evaluation; (iv) inspection of construction to ensure compliance with specifications and drawings; (v) investigation; (vi) planning; and (vii) design coordination. (3) "Practice engineering" does not include the exclusive and sole performance of nontechnical management activities. |
State Board for Professional Engineers — § 14-101(c), verbatim: "'Board' means the State Board for Professional Engineers." The board's own site title reads "Maryland Board for Professional Engineers - Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing," under the Maryland Department of Labor. | "The mgaleg StatuteText page does not print an effective date or amendment history, so this survey cannot quote one. What can be stated: this is the Maryland General Assembly's own current-law database, retrieved 2026-08-20, and § 14-101 is present, is the definitions section, and is not marked repealed. The § 14-402 text I retrieved contains 'Beginning on October 1, 2015,' which shows the database carries post-2015 enactments. I am not asserting a specific last-amended date because the source I opened does not give one." |
| Massachusetts | M.G.L. c.112, § 81D
"'Practice of engineering' any professional service or creative work requiring engineering education, training and experience and the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical and engineering sciences to such professional services or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design and supervision of construction for the purpose of assuring compliance with specifications and design, in connection with any public or private utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works or projects, but it shall not include the practice of architecture, as defined in section sixty A, except that a registered professional engineer may do such architectural work as is incidental to his work, nor shall it include the practice of land surveying, except that a registered professional engineer qualified in the branch of civil engineering may perform land surveying incidental to his engineering work for locating or relocating any of the fixed works embraced within the practice of civil engineering excluding property line determination." |
board of registration of professional engineers and of land surveyors — M.G.L. c.13, § 45, verbatim: "There shall be a board of registration of professional engineers and of land surveyors, in this section and in sections forty-six and forty-seven called the board…" The board's own regulations are captioned "250 CMR: BOARD OF REGISTRATION OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS." | Confirmed current. On the official legislature site with no repealer or amendment note. |
| Michigan | MCL 339.2001(g)
"(g) 'Practice of professional engineering' means professional services, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, or review of material and completed phases of work in construction, alteration, or repair in connection with a public or private utility, structure, building, machine, equipment, process, work, or project, if the professional service requires the application of engineering principles or data." |
board of professional engineers — MCL 339.2002(3): "The board of professional engineers consists of 5 professional engineers, 1 architect who is a member of the board of architects, and 1 professional surveyor who is a member of the board of architects." The department is the Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (Bureau of Professional Licensing). | "The page header reads 'Michigan Compiled Laws Complete Through PA 91 of 2026.' History line: '1980, Act 299, Imd. Eff. Oct. 21, 1980; Am. 1992, Act 103, Eff. Sept. 1, 1992; Am. 1997, Act 122, Imd. Eff. Nov. 3, 1997; Am. 1998, Act 218, Imd. Eff. July 1, 1998.' Not amended since 1998, not renumbered." |
| Minnesota | Minn. Stat. § 326.02, subd. 3
"Subd. 3. Practice of professional engineering. (a) Any person shall be deemed to be practicing professional engineering within the meaning of sections 326.02 to 326.15 who holds out as being able to perform or who does perform any technical professional service, such as planning, design or observation of construction for the purpose of assuring compliance with specifications and design, in connection with any public or private structures, buildings, utilities, machines, equipment, processes, works, or projects wherein the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health, or property is concerned or involved, when such professional service requires the application of the principles of mathematics and the physical and applied engineering sciences, acquired by education or training, and by experience." |
Board of Architecture, Engineering, Land Surveying, Landscape Architecture, Geoscience, and Interior Design — named inside § 326.02, subd. 1 itself. The board's own site (https://mn.gov/aelslagid/) uses "Minnesota Board of Architecture, Engineering, Land Surveying, Landscape Architecture, Geoscience and Interior Design" and the AELSLAGID acronym. | "Served as '2025 Minnesota Statutes,' the current edition. Recent history: '2024 Subd. 5 Amended 2024 c 110 art 1 s 1.' Full history line ends '…2015 c 18 s 1; 2024 c 110 art 1 s 1.' No repeal, no renumbering." |
| Mississippi | Miss. Code § 73-13-3(4), as amended by 2026 H.B. 1150, effective July 1, 2026
"(4) The term 'practice of engineering' within the meaning and intent of * * * this chapter shall mean any service or creative work the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to such services or creative work as consultation, investigation, expert technical testimony evaluation, planning, design, and design coordination of engineering works and systems, planning the use of land, air and water, performing engineering surveys and studies, and the review of construction for the purpose of monitoring compliance with drawings and specifications; any of which embraces such engineering services or work, either public or private, in connection with any utilities, water resources, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, communication systems, transportation systems, industrial or consumer products or equipment of control systems; or engineering services or work of a communications, mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, geotechnical (including geology and geohydrology incidental to the practice of engineering), geological, environmental, or thermal nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health or property, and including such other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress and completion of any engineering services." |
Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Surveyors — amended § 73-13-3(10): "The term 'board' as used in * * * this chapter shall mean the Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Surveyors provided for by * * * this chapter." Amended § 73-13-5: "A Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Surveyors is * * * created whose duty it shall be to administer the provisions of * * * this chapter." The board's own homepage gives "Mississippi Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Surveyors." | — |
| Missouri | RSMo § 327.181 (with § 327.011(15) as the definitional pointer)
"Any person practices as a professional engineer in Missouri who renders or offers to render or holds himself or herself out as willing or able to render any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to such services or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning and design of engineering works and systems…" (quoted by the report "in relevant part") — and further: professional engineers "shall be in responsible charge of all engineering design of buildings, structures, products, machines, processes, and systems that can affect the health, safety, and welfare of the public." |
The Missouri Board for Architects, Professional Engineers, Professional Land Surveyors, Professional Landscape Architects, and Licensed Interior Designers (RSMo § 327.031) | § 327.181 history, verbatim: "Effective - 28 Aug 2014, 3 histories (L. 1969 S.B. 117, A.L. 1999 H.B. 343, A.L. 2007 H.B. 780 merged with S.B. 308, A.L. 2014 S.B. 809)." On § 327.011: "revisor.mo.gov flags 'There are multiple enactments of 327.011' and the default version is labeled 'Effective - 28 Aug 2026, 6 histories,' with the history line '(L. 1969 S.B. 117, A.L. 1981 S.B. 16, A.L. 1986 H.B. 1163, A.L. 1999 H.B. 343, A.L. 2001 H.B. 567, A.L. 2007 H.B. 780 merged with S.B. 308, A.L. 2014 S.B. 809, A.L. 2021 H.B. 273 merged with H.B. 476, A.L. 2026 S.B. 1233).' A new version takes effect eight days from this audit (2026-08-28) under 2026 S.B. 1233. The cross-reference to § 327.181 is unchanged in that new version, so the verdict is unaffected — but anything else the site says about RSMo ch. 327 should be re-checked after 2026-08-28." |
| Montana | 37-67-101(7), MCA
"37-67-101. Definitions. As used in this chapter, the following definitions apply: … (7) (a) "Practice of engineering" means: (i) any service or creative work the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to the services or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning and design of engineering works and systems, planning the use of water, teaching of advanced engineering subjects, engineering surveys, and the inspection of construction for the purpose of ensuring compliance with drawings and specifications; (ii) any of the functions described in subsection (7)(a)(i) that embrace the services or work, either public or private, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, and industrial or consumer products or equipment of mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or thermal nature insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health, or property. (b) The term includes other professional services necessary to the planning, progress, and completion of any engineering services. (c) The term does not include the work ordinarily performed by persons who operate or maintain machinery or equipment, communication lines, signal circuits, electric powerlines, or pipelines." |
board of professional engineers and professional land surveyors — 37-67-101(1): "'Board' means the board of professional engineers and professional land surveyors provided for in 2-15-1763." Chapter 67 Part 2 is titled "Board of Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors." | Confirmed current. Served as MCA 2025. |
| Nebraska | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 81-3421 ("Practice of engineering, defined")
"(1) Practice of engineering means any service or creative work that requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences. The services may include, but not be limited to, planning, providing studies, designs, drawings, specifications, and other technical submissions, and administering construction contracts. The practice of engineering does not include the practice of architecture. (2) A person shall be construed to practice engineering, within the meaning and intent of the Engineers and Architects Regulation Act, if he or she: (a) Practices any discipline of the profession of engineering or holds himself or herself out as able and entitled to practice any discipline of engineering; (b) By verbal claim, sign, advertisement, letterhead, or card or in any other way, represents himself or herself to be a professional engineer; or (c) Through the use of some other title, implies that he or she is a professional engineer or licensed under the Engineers and Architects Regulation Act." Source: Laws 1997, LB 622, § 21; Laws 2015, LB23, § 19. |
Board of Engineers and Architects — 81-3405: "Board, defined. Board means the Board of Engineers and Architects." 81-3428: "The Board of Engineers and Architects is created to administer the Engineers and Architects Regulation Act… eight members…" (Laws 1997 LB 622 § 28; Laws 2015 LB23 § 25; Laws 2020 LB755 § 38.) | "Both sections are current on the official site. 81-3421 last amended 2015 (LB23 § 19)." |
| Nevada | NRS 625.050 (definition); NRS 625.095 (exemptions)
"NRS 625.050 'Practice of professional engineering' defined. 1. 'The practice of professional engineering' includes, but is not limited to: (a) Any professional service which involves the application of engineering principles and data, such as surveying, consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning and design, or responsible supervision of construction or operation in connection with any public or private utility, structure, building, machine, equipment, process, work or project, wherein the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health or property is concerned or involved. (b) Such other services as are necessary to the planning, progress and completion of any engineering project or to the performance of any engineering service. 2. The practice of engineering does not include land surveying or the work ordinarily performed by persons who operate or maintain machinery or equipment. [Part 2:198:1919; A 1937, 491; 1947, 797; 1949, 639; 1951, 459]—(NRS A 1961, 313; 1967, 950; 1991, 2238)" |
State Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors — NRS 625.010: "'Board' means the State Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors." NRS 625.100(1): "…The members must be citizens of the United States and residents of this State, and constitute the State Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors." | Confirmed current. On the Legislature's own NRS pages. |
| New Hampshire | RSA 310-A:2, III
"310-A:2 Definitions. – As used in this subdivision: I. 'Board' means the board of professional engineers. I-a. 'Business organization' means any enterprise, whether corporation, partnership, limited liability company, proprietorship, association, business trust, real estate trust, or other form of organization; organized for gain or profit, carrying on any business activity within the state. II. 'Professional engineer' means a person who by reason of advanced knowledge of mathematics and the physical sciences, acquired by professional education and practical experience, is technically and legally qualified to practice engineering, and who is licensed by the office or otherwise authorized by this subdivision to engage in the practice of engineering. III. 'Practice of engineering' means any professional service or creative work requiring education, training, experience, and the application of advanced knowledge of mathematics and physical sciences, involving the constant exercise of discretion and judgment, to such services or work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, responsible oversight of construction, and responsible oversight of operation, in connection with any public or private utilities, structure, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works, or projects, wherein the public welfare, or the safeguarding of life, health, or property is concerned. …" Source: "1981, 485:1. 1995, 136:1, eff. July 23, 1995; 284:1-4, 57, eff. Jan. 1, 1996. 2024, 327:254, eff. July 1, 2024." |
board of professional engineers — 310-A:2, I: "'Board' means the board of professional engineers." 310-A:3, I: "A board of professional engineers is established to administer the provisions of this subdivision. The board shall consist of 5 persons appointed by the governor and council, 4 of whom shall be professional engineers, and one public member." | Confirmed current. Recently touched: last amended by 2024, 327:254, effective July 1, 2024. |
| New Jersey | N.J.S.A. 45:8-28(b)
No deep link to the section is available from the New Jersey legislature's own system; this links to the licensing board instead. Cite the section number."45:8-28 Definitions. 2. (a) The term 'professional engineer' within the meaning and intent of this chapter shall mean a person who by reason of his special knowledge of the mathematical and physical sciences and the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design, acquired by professional education and practical experience, is qualified to practice engineering as hereinafter defined as attested by his license as a professional engineer. (b) The terms 'practice of engineering' or 'professional engineering' within the meaning and intent of this chapter shall mean any service or creative work the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience and the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical and engineering sciences to such services or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning and design of engineering works and systems, planning the use of land and water, engineering studies, and the administration of construction for the purpose of determining compliance with drawings and specifications; any of which embraces such services or work, either public or private, in connection with any engineering project including: utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, telecommunications, or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic or thermal nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health or property, and including such other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress and completion of any engineering services. The design of buildings by professional engineers shall be consistent with section 7 of the 'Building Design Services Act,' P.L.1989, c.277 (C.45:4B-7). The practice of professional engineering shall not include the work ordinarily performed by persons who operate or maintain machinery or equipment. … A person shall be construed to practice or offer to practice engineering, within the meaning and intent of this chapter, who practices any branch of the profession of engineering; or who, by verbal claim, sign, advertisement, letterhead, card, or in any other way represents himself to be a professional engineer…" |
State Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors — 45:8-28(f): "The term 'board' as used in this chapter shall mean the State Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors." The site's "State Board of PE and LS" expands correctly. | Confirmed current. This is directly documented rather than inferred. |
| New Mexico | NMSA 1978, § 61-23-3(H) (definition is at subsection H); New Mexico's own convention is "Section 61-23-3 NMSA 1978" or "NMSA 1978, § 61-23-3"
H. "engineering" or "practice of engineering" means any creative or engineering work that requires engineering education, training and experience in the application of engineering principles and the interpretation of engineering data to such creative work as consultation, investigation, forensic investigation, evaluation, planning and design of engineering works and systems, expert technical testimony, engineering studies and the review of construction for the purpose of ensuring substantial compliance with drawings and specifications; any of which embrace such creative work, either public or private, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects and industrial or consumer products or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, chemical, pneumatic, environmental or thermal nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health or property, and including such other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress and completion of engineering work. ... The "practice of engineering" does not include responsibility for the supervision of construction, site conditions, operations, equipment, personnel or the maintenance of safety in the workplace; |
state board of licensure for professional engineers and professional surveyors (61-23-3(C): "board" means the state board of licensure for professional engineers and professional surveyors) | Current. |
| New York | N.Y. Educ. Law § 7201 — no correction required
Official source was unreachable during verification; see disclosure below.§ 7201. Definition of practice of engineering. The practice of the profession of engineering is defined as performing professional service such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design or supervision of construction or operation in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works, or projects wherein the safeguarding of life, health and property is concerned, when such service or work requires the application of engineering principles and data. |
New York State Education Department, Office of the Professions. New York has no independent licensing board in the usual sense: the State Board for Engineering and Land Surveying is advisory to the Regents/SED, and discipline is prosecuted by the Office of Professional Discipline (OPD) within OP. | Current. |
| North Carolina | G.S. 89C-3(6) — the definition is at subdivision (6)
(6) Practice of engineering. – a. Any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience, in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to such services or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, and design of engineering works and systems, planning the use of land and water, engineering surveys, and the observation of construction for the purposes of assuring compliance with drawings and specifications, including the consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, and design for either private or public use, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, and industrial or consumer products or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic or thermal nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health or property, and including such other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress and completion of any engineering services. |
The North Carolina State Board of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors (G.S. 89C-3(1): "Board. – The North Carolina State Board of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors provided for by this Chapter.") The Board brands itself "North Carolina Board of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors"; the site's short form matches both. | Current. |
| North Dakota | NDCC § 43-19.1-02(8)
8. "Practice of engineering and practice of professional engineering" means any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to such services or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning and design of engineering works and systems, engineering teaching of advanced engineering subjects or courses related thereto, engineering surveys, and the inspection of construction for the purpose of assuring compliance with drawings and specifications; any of which embraces such service or work, either public or private, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, or projects as are incidental to the practice of engineering. A person must be construed to practice or offer to practice engineering if the person practices any branch of the profession of engineering; if the person, by verbal claim, sign, advertisement, letterhead, card, or in any other way represents that the person is an engineer and is able to practice engineering in this state if the person through the use of some other title implies that the person is an engineer or that the person is registered under this chapter; or if the person holds out as able to perform, or does perform any engineering service or work or any other service that is recognized as engineering, for a valuable consideration for others, including the public at large. |
North Dakota State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors. 43-19.1-02(1): "'Board' means the state board of registration for professional engineers and land surveyors." | Current. |
| Northern Mariana Islands | 4 CMC § 3211(f)(1)(i) (definition of "Practice of Engineering"); licensure requirement at 4 CMC § 3212; general prohibition at 4 CMC § 3101
"Practice of Engineering" means any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical and engineering sciences to such services or creative work as consultation, investigation, expert technical testimony, evaluation, planning, design and design coordination of engineering works and systems, planning the use of land, air, and water, teaching of advanced engineering subjects, performing engineering surveys and studies, and the review and/or management of construction for the purpose of monitoring and/or ensuring compliance with drawings and specifications; any of which embraces such services or work; either public or private, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, communication systems, transportation systems, and industrial or consumer products, or equipment of a control systems, communications, mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, environmental, or thermal nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health or property, and including such other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress and completion of any engineering services. Design coordination includes the review and coordination of those technical submissions prepared by others, including as appropriate and without limitation, consulting engineers, architects, landscape architects, surveyors, and other professionals working under the direction of the engineer. Engineering surveys include all survey activities required to support the sound conception, planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of engineered projects, but exclude the surveying of real property for the establishment of land boundaries, rights-of-way, easements, and the dependent or independent surveys or re-surveys of the public land survey system. |
Board of Professional Licensing. That is the name the statute itself uses: 4 CMC § 3102 ("There is in the Commonwealth Government a Board of Professional Licensing, a regulatory board given the power by law to license and regulate architects, engineers, land surveyors, landscape architects, and real property appraisers") and 4 CMC § 3211(b) ("'Board' means the Board of Professional Licensing, as established by 4 CMC § 3102"). The board styles itself "Northern Mariana Islands Board of Professional Licensing (BPL)" on its own site, and NCEES lists it in its member board directory under that longer form. There is no separate engineering board; one board licenses architects, engineers, land surveyors, landscape architects and real property appraisers. | In force. |
| Ohio | ORC 4733.01
"Practice of engineering" ... includes any professional service, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, or inspection of construction or operation for the purpose of assuring compliance with drawings or specifications in connection with any public or privately owned public utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works, or projects in the proper rendering of which the qualifications of section 4733.11 of the Revised Code are required to protect the public welfare or to safeguard life, health, or property. |
state board of registration for professional engineers and surveyors (ORC 4733.03; chapter title "Professional Engineers and Professional Surveyors") | Current. |
| Oklahoma | Okla. Stat. tit. 59, § 475.2(4) — cited in Oklahoma practice as 59 O.S. § 475.2(4)
4. "Practice of engineering" means any service or creative work requiring engineering education, training and experience in the application of engineering principles and the interpretation of engineering data to engineering activities, including the engineering design of buildings, structures, products, machines, processes, and systems, that potentially impact the life, health, property and welfare of the public. The services may include, but are not limited to, providing planning, studies, designs, design coordination, drawings, specifications, and other technical submissions; engineering reports or material developed in connection with expert witness testimony or anticipated testimony; commissioning of engineered systems; and performing surveying that is incidental to the practice of engineering and reviewing construction or other design products for the purposes of monitoring compliance with drawings and specifications related to engineered works. […] These services or work, either public or private, may be performed in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, communication systems, transportation systems and industrial or consumer products or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, chemical, environmental, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, control system or communications nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health or property, and including such other professional services as may be necessary to the design coordination of a multidiscipline work, planning, progress and completion of any engineering services. |
State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Surveyors — no "Land". 59 O.S. § 475.3 (as amended by Laws 2024, HB 3253): "A. The State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Surveyors is hereby re-created, to continue until July 1, 2031, in accordance with the provisions of the Oklahoma Sunset Law…" | Current. |
| Oregon | ORS 672.005(1) — Oregon convention omits the section symbol
672.005 Additional definitions. As used in ORS 672.002 to 672.325, unless the context requires otherwise: (1) "Practice of engineering" or "practice of professional engineering" means any of the following when done for others: (a) Performing a service or creating an original work requiring engineering education, training and experience. (b) In connection with utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works or projects, whether private or public, applying special knowledge of the mathematical, physical and engineering sciences to services or original works such as: (A) Consultation; (B) Investigation; (C) Evaluation; (D) Planning; (E) Design; and (F) Services during construction, manufacture or fabrication for the purpose of ensuring compliance with specifications and design. |
State Board of Examiners for Engineering and Land Surveying (ORS 672.020(2) verbatim: "Each registered professional engineer shall, upon registration, obtain a seal of the design authorized by the State Board of Examiners for Engineering and Land Surveying.") The board's brand/acronym is OSBEELS (Oregon State Board of Examiners for Engineering and Land Surveying); the statutory name omits "Oregon". | Current. |
| Pennsylvania | 63 P.S. § 149 (Act of May 23, 1945, P.L. 913, No. 367, § 2)
(a) (1) "Practice of Engineering" shall mean the application of the mathematical and physical sciences for the design or analysis of public or private buildings, structures, machines, equipment, processes, works or engineering systems, and the consultation, investigation, evaluation or surveys, construction management, modification and alteration, planning and inspection in connection therewith, the performance of the foregoing acts and services being prohibited to persons who are not licensed under this act as professional engineers unless exempt under other provisions of this act. […] ((a) amended June 28, 2024, P.L.421, No.32) |
The State Registration Board for Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors and Geologists (act Section 2(g) verbatim: "'Board' means The State Registration Board for Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors and Geologists.") | Current — Section 2(a) was amended by Act 32 of 2024 (June 28, 2024, P.L.421, No.32) |
| Puerto Rico | Ley Num. 173 de 12 de agosto de 1988, segun enmendada, Art. 4(a), codified at 20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711b(a). Article heading: 'Art. 4. Ejercicio o Practica profesional.' The practice-of-engineering definition sits at subsection (a) of that article. Companion prohibition at Art. 34 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711x).
(a) “Ejercicio de la Ingeniería” o “la Arquitectura”, comprende la prestación de cualquier trabajo profesional o la ejecución de cualquier trabajo de naturaleza creadora para cuya realización se requieran los conocimientos, adiestramiento y experiencias de un ingeniero o arquitecto. Incluye la aplicación de conocimientos especiales, las ciencias físicas, matemáticas y de ingeniería o arquitectura al presentarse tales servicios profesionales, o al ejecutarse tales trabajos de naturaleza creadora, como se requiera en cualquier trabajo de asesoramiento, estudios, investigaciones, valoraciones, la realización de trazado de planos, mediciones, inspecciones y superintendencias de obras en construcción, a los fines de asegurar la observación de sus especificaciones y la realización adecuada de lo proyectado en relación con cualesquiera obras públicas o privadas, instalaciones, maquinarias, procedimientos y métodos industriales, equipo, sistema y trabajos de carácter técnico en ingeniería o en arquitectura. |
Junta Examinadora de Ingenieros y Agrimensores (de Puerto Rico). Statutory name and placement, Ley 173-1988 Art. 5 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711c), as amended by Ley 94-2016 art. 34: 'Se crea la Junta Examinadora de Ingenieros y Agrimensores; y la Junta Examinadora de Arquitectos y Arquitectos Paisajistas, las cuales estaran adscritas a la Division de Juntas Examinadoras del Departamento de Estado del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico.' NOTE: the Act's own short title (Art. 1) still calls it the 'Ley de la Junta Examinadora de Ingenieros, Arquitectos, Agrimensores y Arquitectos Paisajistas de Puerto Rico' - a single joint board - but Art. 5 as amended splits it into two boards, and engineers are regulated by the Junta Examinadora de Ingenieros y Agrimensores. The Department of State renders it in English as 'Examining Board of Engineers and Surveyors'. This is NOT the whole licensing arrangement: see notable_findings - active membership in the Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico (CIAPR) is a separate and independently mandatory credential. | In force. |
| Rhode Island | R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-8-2(h)(1) — the definition is at subsection (h)
(h)(1) "Practice of engineering" means any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to services or creative work, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation surveys, planning and design of engineering systems, and the supervision of construction for the purpose of assuring compliance with specifications; and embracing those services or work in connection with any public or private utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work, or projects in which the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health, or property is concerned. |
Rhode Island has TWO separate boards. Engineering: "state board of registration for professional engineers" — R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-8-2(b) verbatim: "(b) 'Board' means the state board of registration for professional engineers subsequently provided by this chapter." § 5-8-3(a) verbatim: "The duty of the board of engineers is to administer those provisions of this chapter that relate to the regulation of professional engineering and the registration of professional engineers." Chapter 5-8 is titled "Engineers" only. Land surveyors are governed by a different chapter with a different board — R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-8.1-2(4) verbatim: "(4) 'Board of land surveyors,' 'board of professional land surveyors,' or 'board' means the board of registration for professional land surveyors, as subsequently provided by this chapter." | Current. |
| South Carolina | S.C. Code Ann. § 40-22-20(25) — the definition is at subsection (25); formal style is "S.C. Code Ann. § 40-22-20"
(25) "Practice of engineering" means any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to such services or creative work as commissioning, consultation, investigation, expert technical testimony, evaluation, design and design coordination of engineering works and systems, design for development and use of land and water, performing engineering surveys and studies, and the review of construction for the purpose of monitoring compliance with drawings and specifications, any of which embraces such services or work, either public or private, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems projects, and industrial or consumer products or equipment of control systems, chemical, communications, mechanical, electrical, environmental, hydraulic, pneumatic, or thermal nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health, or property, and including such other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress, and completion of any engineering services. The mere execution, as a contractor, of work designed by a professional engineer or supervision of the construction of such work as a foreman or superintendent is not considered the practice of engineering. |
South Carolina State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Surveyors — S.C. Code Ann. § 40-22-10(A) verbatim: "(A) There is created the South Carolina State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Surveyors under the administration of the Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation." Confirmed by § 40-22-20(3): "'Board' means the South Carolina State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Surveyors created pursuant to this chapter." And by the board's own page at llr.sc.gov/eng/: "Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Surveyors regulates…" | Current, though the subsection was renumbered. |
| South Dakota | SDCL 36-18A-3 ("Practice of engineering, design coordination, and engineering studies defined"). The
Official source was unreachable during verification; see disclosure below.36-18A-3. Practice of engineering, design coordination, and engineering studies defined. For the purposes of this chapter, the term, practice of engineering, means the practice or offering to practice of any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to such services or creative work. Such service or work includes consultation; investigation; evaluation; planning; design; and design coordination of engineering works and systems; planning the use of land and water; land-use studies; teaching of advanced engineering design subjects; performing engineering studies; and the review or observation of construction for the purpose to determine whether the work is in general accordance with drawings, specifications, and other technical submissions. Any such service or work, either public or private, may be in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, and industrial or consumer products, or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or thermal nature, insofar as they involve safeguarding life, health, or property, and including such other professional services as are necessary to the planning, progress, and completion of any engineering services. |
Board of Technical Professions — SDCL 36-18A-1(4): "'Board,' the Board of Technical Professions;" The board is created by 36-18A-14 ("Board of Technical Professions created") and continued within the Department of Labor and Regulation by 36-18A-23. | Current. |
| Tennessee | T.C.A. § 62-2-101 requires registration to practice engineering; the practice is DEFINED BY BOARD RULE at Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0120-01-.01(5).
Unofficial mirror. No official Tennessee host located that serves § 62-2-101; verify against the current Tennessee Code before relying on it.(5) Engineering includes the term professional engineering, the practice of engineering, and the practice of professional engineering by registrants. (a) Professional engineering, the practice of engineering, and the practice of professional engineering may be used interchangeably and mean any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, examination, and the experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences. (b) Services or creative work may be referred to as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, and design of engineering works and systems, planning the use of air, land, and/or water, teaching the principles and methods of engineering design, engineering surveys, and the inspection of construction... [Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0120-01-.01(5), revised June 3, 2026 — a BOARD RULE, not the statute] |
STATE BOARD OF ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING EXAMINERS — the official Secretary of State rules compilation heads every chapter "RULES OF THE STATE BOARD OF ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING EXAMINERS". Variants exist: the SOS index page uses "Tennessee Board of Architectural and Engineering Examiners", and rule 0120-01-.01(1) says "'BOARD' shall mean the Tennessee Board of Examiners for Architects and Engineers created by Chapter No. 263 of the 'Public Act of 1979.'" | Not confirmed current: the available statutory text is the state's own republication stamped "Current through the 2015 Regular Session" and last updated April 26, 2016, retrieved from an archived page, so amendments after the 2015 session are unconfirmed and the current Tennessee Code and board rules should be checked before relying on this entry. |
| Texas | Tex. Occ. Code § 1001.003
Official source was unreachable during verification; see disclosure below.§ 1001.003. PRACTICE OF ENGINEERING. (a) In this section: (1) 'Design coordination' includes the review and coordination of technical submissions prepared by others, including the work of other professionals working with or under the direction of an engineer with professional regard for the ability of each professional involved in a multidisciplinary effort. (2) 'Engineering survey' includes any survey activity required to support the sound conception, planning, design, construction, maintenance, or operation of an engineered project. The term does not include the surveying of real property or other activity regulated under Chapter 1071. (b) In this chapter, 'practice of engineering' means the performance of or an offer or attempt to perform any public or private service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in applying special knowledge or judgment of the mathematical, physical, or engineering sciences to that service or creative work. (c) The practice of engineering includes: (1) consultation, investigation, evaluation, analysis, planning, engineering for program management, providing an expert engineering opinion or testimony, engineering for testing or evaluating materials for construction or other engineering use, and mapping; (2) design, conceptual design, or conceptual design coordination of engineering works or systems; (3) development or optimization of plans and specifications for engineering works or systems; (4) planning the use or alteration of land or water or the design or analysis of works or systems for the use or alteration of land or water; (5) responsible charge of engineering teaching or the teaching of engineering; (6) performing an engineering survey or study; (7) engineering for construction, alteration, or repair of real property; (8) engineering for preparation of an operating or maintenance manual; (9) engineering for review of the construction or installation of engineered works to monitor compliance with drawings or specifications; (10) a service, design, analysis, or other work performed for a public or private entity in connection with a utility, structure, building, machine, equipment, process, system, work, project, or industrial or consumer product or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, electronic, chemical, hydraulic, pneumatic, geotechnical, or thermal nature; or (11) providing an engineering opinion or analysis related to a certificate of merit under Chapter 150, Civil Practice and Remedies Code; or (12) any other professional service necessary for the planning, progress, or completion of an engineering service. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1421, Sec. 1, eff. June 1, 2003. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1276, Sec. 14A.001(a), eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 259 (H.B. 1817), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. |
Texas Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors — abbreviated TBPELS. § 1001.002 verbatim: "§ 1001.002. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter: (1) 'Board' means the Texas Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors. (2) 'Engineer' means a person licensed to engage in the practice of engineering in this state. (3) 'Land surveyor,' 'licensed state land surveyor,' 'professional surveying,' 'registered professional land surveyor,' and 'state land surveying' have the meanings assigned by Section 1071.002. Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1421, Sec. 1, eff. June 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1232 (H.B. 1523), Sec. 1.02, eff. September 1, 2019." | Current, correctly numbered, and genuinely broad. |
| United States Virgin Islands | 27 V.I.C. sec. 282(f) (V.I. Code tit. 27, sec. 282(f)) - Title 27 (Professions and Occupations), Chapter 8 (Architects, Engineers, and Land Surveyors), section 282 (Definitions), subsection (f). THE TASKING'S POINTER TO 'TITLE 27 CHAPTER 1' IS WRONG: the engineering chapter is CHAPTER 8, sections 281-292. The companion offering provision is at sec. 282(i) and the policy declaration at sec. 281.
(f) Practice of engineering. The practice of engineering means any service or creative work of an engineer, as defined above, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of mathematical, physical, and engineering science to such services or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluations, survey, planning, and designing of engineering systems and supervision or inspection of construction for the purpose of assuring compliance with the design and plans. Any graduate civil engineer from a recognized college or university is hereby included in the practice of land surveying as defined in subsection (h) of this section. |
Virgin Islands Board of Architects, Engineers and Land Surveyors, situated within the Department of Licensing and Consumer Affairs. THE STATUTE CONTRADICTS ITSELF AND BOTH FORMS CAME FROM THE SAME 1987 ACT: sec. 282a(a) (added by Act No. 5265 sec. 704(2)) reads 'The Virgin Islands Board of Architects, Engineers and Land Surveyors, heretofore established within the Department of Public Works, is reestablished within the Department of Licensing and Consumer Affairs', while the defined term at sec. 282(j) (amended by Act No. 5265 sec. 704(1)) reads 'The term Board means the Virgin Islands Board FOR Architects, Engineers, and Land Surveyors, established by this chapter'. DLCA's own current page (revised 11/2024) uses the 'of' form, which matches sec. 282a, the establishing provision, and that is the form reported here as correct. The conflict is recorded rather than suppressed. | In force. |
| Utah | Utah Code § 58-22-102(9)(a)
58-22-102 Definitions. In addition to the definitions in Section 58-1-102, as used in this chapter: (1) 'Board' means the Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors Licensing Board created in Section 58-22-201. ... (7) 'Principal' means a licensed professional engineer, professional structural engineer, or professional land surveyor having responsible charge of an organization's professional engineering, professional structural engineering, or professional land surveying practice. (8) 'Professional engineer' means a person licensed under this chapter as a professional engineer. (9)(a) 'Professional engineering,' 'the practice of engineering,' or 'the practice of professional engineering' means a service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to the service or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, and design coordination of engineering works and systems, planning the use of land and water, facility programming, performing engineering surveys and studies, and the review of construction for the purpose of monitoring compliance with drawings and specifications; any of which embraces these services or work, either public or private, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, projects, and industrial or consumer products or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or thermal nature, and including other professional services as may be necessary to the planning, progress, and completion of any engineering services. (b) 'The practice of professional engineering' does not include the practice of architecture as defined in Section 58-3a-102, but a licensed professional engineer may perform architecture work as is incidental to the practice of engineering. |
The licensing AGENCY is the Division of Professional Licensing (DOPL) — Utah Code § 58-1-103: "There is created within the Department of Commerce the Division of Professional Licensing. The division shall administer and enforce all licensing laws of Title 58, Occupations and Professions. Amended by Chapter 415, 2022 General Session". § 58-1-102: "(5) 'Director' means the director of the Division of Professional Licensing. (6) 'Division' means the Division of Professional Licensing created in Section 58-1-103." (Section note: "Amended by Chapter 64, 2026 General Session".) Chapter 58-1 is itself now titled "Division of Professional Licensing Act." Separately, the engineering BOARD is the Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors Licensing Board, § 58-22-102(1), created in § 58-22-201. The chapter's official title is "Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors Licensing Act" (58-22-101). | Statute current. |
| Vermont | 26 V.S.A. § 1161(2) — the definition of "Professional engineering" is at subdivision (2)
§ 1161. Definitions As used in this chapter: (1) 'Board' means the Board of Professional Engineering. (2) 'Professional engineering' means any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training, and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences and the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design acquired by engineering education and engineering experience, insofar as the service or work involves safeguarding life, health, or property. This includes consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, and design of engineering works and systems, planning the use of land, air, and water and accomplishing engineering surveys and studies, any of which embraces such services or work, either public or private, in connection with any utilities, structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, work systems, control systems, fire protection systems, communication systems, transportation systems, projects, and equipment systems of a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, or thermal nature. ... (5) 'Practice of professional engineering' means providing, attempting to provide, or offering to provide professional engineering services. (6) A professional engineer in 'private practice' means a professional engineer who owns, operates, or is employed by a business entity that derives a substantial part of its income from providing professional engineering services to the public. (7) 'Professional engineer' means a person licensed under this chapter. (8) 'Responsible charge' means direct control and personal supervision of engineering work. ... (11) 'Unauthorized practice' means conduct prohibited by section 1162 of this chapter and not exempted by section 1163 of this chapter. |
Board of Professional Engineering, attached to the Office of Professional Regulation (Secretary of State). § 1171: "§ 1171. Board of Professional Engineering (a) The Board of Professional Engineering is created, consisting of six members who are residents of this State. The Board shall be attached to the Office of Professional Regulation. (b) One member of the Board shall be a member of the public who has no financial interest in engineering other than as a consumer or possible consumer of its services... (c) Five members of the Board shall be licensed professional engineers: (1) Membership under this subsection shall include one civil engineer, one mechanical engineer, one structural engineer, one electrical engineer, and one engineer from among all specialty disciplines licensed by the Board..." | Current. |
| Virginia | Va. Code Ann. § 54.1-400
"Practice of engineering" means any service wherein the principles and methods of engineering are applied to, but are not necessarily limited to, the following areas: consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning and design of public or private utilities, structures, machines, equipment, processes, transportation systems and work systems, including responsible administration of construction contracts. The term "practice of engineering" shall not include the service or maintenance of existing electrical or mechanical systems. |
Board for Architects, Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors, Certified Interior Designers and Landscape Architects (conventionally APELSCIDLA) | Current, not repealed or renumbered. |
| Washington | RCW 18.43.020
(6)(a) “Practice of engineering” means any professional service or creative work requiring engineering education, training, and experience and the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences to such professional services or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, and supervision of construction for the purpose of assuring compliance with specifications and design. — (6)(b) A person shall be construed to practice or offer to practice engineering, within the meaning and intent of this chapter, who practices any branch of the profession of engineering. — (6)(c) The practice of engineering does not include the work ordinarily performed by persons who operate or maintain machinery or equipment. |
State board of registration for professional engineers and land surveyors (RCW 18.43.020: "'Board' means the state board of registration for professional engineers and land surveyors, provided for by this chapter.") | Current and RECENTLY AMENDED. |
| West Virginia | W. Va. Code § 30-13-3(e)
(e) “Practice of engineering” means any service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training and experience in the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical and engineering sciences to such services or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning and design of engineering works and systems, planning the use of land and water, teaching of advanced engineering subjects, engineering surveys and studies, and the review of construction for the purpose of assuring substantial compliance with drawings and specifications. |
West Virginia state board of registration for professional engineers (W. Va. Code § 30-13-3: "'Board' means the West Virginia state board of registration for professional engineers as provided for in this article.") | Current. |
| Wisconsin | Wis. Stat. § 443.01(6) (site cites § 443.01; the definition of "practice of professional engineering" sits at subsection (6) — a precision point, not an error)
"Practice of professional engineering" includes any professional service requiring the application of engineering principles and data, in which the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health or property is concerned and involved, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design, or responsible supervision of construction, alteration, or operation, in connection with any public or private utilities, structures, projects, bridges, plants and buildings, machines, equipment, processes and works. |
Examining Board of Architects, Landscape Architects, Professional Engineers, Designers, Professional Land Surveyors, and Registered Interior Designers, in the Department of Safety and Professional Services; divided into a professional engineer section (among others), which handles matters affecting a single profession exclusively. | Current, not repealed or renumbered. |
| Wyoming | W.S. § 33-29-201 ("Definitions"), Article 2 of Chapter 29.
Links to the Legislature's Title 33 compilation (PDF); § 33-29-201 begins at page 484."Practice of professional engineering" - "performing for others or offering to perform for others any 'professional service' or 'professional creative work' requiring engineering education, training and experience and special knowledge of mathematics, physics and engineering sciences" |
Wyoming Board of Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors (W.S. § 33-29-201: "Board" - "the Wyoming board of professional engineers and professional land surveyors"; Article 3 of the chapter is headed with that name; W.S. § 33-29-301 creates it). | — |
Individual licensure is only half of it. A firm that offers engineering services generally carries its own obligation, and an unlicensed firm is not cured by subcontracting the engineering to a licensed one.
| Jurisdiction | Tier | Instrument | Authority | Offering regulated | Engineer of record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | A | Certificate of Authorization | Code of Ala. § 34-11-9(a)(1) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge Ala. Admin. Code r. 330-X-15-.01(2)-(3); Ala. Code Sec. 34-11-9(c)(4), (e)(2) |
| Alaska | A | Certificate of Authorization | AS 08.48.241(a) (AS 08.48.251 covers certain partnerships) | Yes | Statute silent |
| Arizona | A | Firm registration (annual, separate registration per in-state branch office) | A.R.S. § 32-141(A)–(C); "Firm" defined at § 32-101(B)(13) | Yes | Statute silent |
| Arkansas | A | Certificate of Authorization (expires biennially per board rules; COA fee $150 / renewal $100 per the handbook fee schedule) | A.C.A. § 17-30-303(a)(1); reinforced by § 17-30-301(4); board rules at 17 CAR § 285, Article 8.G | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge |
| California | A | None — California has no certificate of authorization. An organization record form must be filed with the board. | Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 6738(a), (h) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6738(a)(1), (b), (d), (h) |
| Colorado | B | None — an entity is not eligible for licensure in Colorado | C.R.S. § 12-120-204; enforcement hook § 12-120-205(2); entity fines § 12-120-205(7) | Yes | Statute silent |
| Connecticut | A | Certificate of registration ($565 nonrefundable application fee; expires annually, renewable for $375) | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-306a | Yes | Statute silent |
| Delaware | A | Certificate of Authorization | 24 Del. C. § 2821(a); covered entities defined at § 2803(15) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge 24 Del. C. § 2821(b) — an officer OR employee must be "(1) ... designated as being in responsible charge of the engineering activities and engineering decisions of the said corporation or partnership; and (2) ... a licensee." § 2821(c): "All personnel of any such engineering corporation or partnership who practice engineering on its behalf shall be licensees." |
| District of Columbia | C | Basic Business License (general, not engineering-specific) | D.C. Official Code § 47-2851.02 ("Basic business license required"): "A person doing business in the District of Columbia shall maintain a basic business license in accordance with this subchapter." | not established | Statute silent |
| Florida | A | Qualification of the business organization by a licensed engineer under Fla. Stat. 471.023. Florida ABOLISHED the engineering Certificate of Authorization by ch. 2019-86, sec. 9, effective 2019-10-01; the word 'authorization' does not appear anywhere in the current text of Chapter 471. | Fla. Stat. § 471.023 | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge Fla. Stat. Sec. 471.023(1), (4)(b) |
| Georgia | A | Certificate of Authorization (separate certificates for engineering and land surveying; no combined certificate) | O.C.G.A. § 43-15-23 (land surveying: § 43-15-23.1); Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 180-10-.01 "Corporate Practice - Professional Engineering", citing O.C.G.A. § 43-15-23(c) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 180-10-.01, which cites O.C.G.A. § 43-15-23(c) for the definition of "responsible charge" as "independent control, direction and supervision, by the use of initiative, skill and independent judgment," and requires that the individual in responsible charge be a "full-time employee" "regularly engaged in the practice of professional engineering" — expressly not part-time, not an independent contractor, and not "on an if-and-when needed consulting basis." Board application form: "The individual, who is in responsible charge of the professional engineering performed or offered to be performed in Georgia, must be currently licensed as a Georgia Professional Engineer and must sign the form. If the firm has branch office, each branch must have a full-time Professional Engineer and must be listed on the form." |
| Guam | A | Certificate of Authorization (COA) | 22 GCA sec. 32123 (Certificate of Authorization (COA)); the instrument is separately defined at 22 GCA sec. 32103(i) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge 22 GCA sec. 32123(b) and (e). Sec. 32123(b) requires the firm to 'designate the individual or individuals duly registered ... who shall be in responsible control of the practice as the Responsible Managing Employee (RME)' - the statutory term of art is EMPLOYEE. Sec. 32123(e) then forecloses the contractor route expressly: "(e) An engineer, architect, landscape architect or land surveyor who renders occasional part-time or consulting engineering, architectural, landscape architect or land surveying services to or for a firm may not, for the purposes of this Section, be designated as being responsible for the professional activities of the firm." Sec. 32123(c) requires a multi-discipline firm to have at least one RME with 'full control over the particular services contracted for by the firm' and to report any change in those persons within thirty (30) days. The same subsection requires that ALL OFF-ISLAND FIRMS 'maintain a local office under the control of at least one (1) Responsible Managing Employee who shall be in full control of the operations of the firm' - so a mainland corrosion/CP consultancy cannot serve Guam from the mainland under a COA; it must stand up a Guam office with a resident RME in charge. |
| Hawaii | B | None — no certificate of authorization, registration, or filing is imposed on the entity | HRS § 464-12 | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge Haw. Admin. R. Sec. 16-115-4; HRS Sec. 464-12 |
| Idaho | A | Certificate of Authorization | Idaho Code § 54-1235 ("Practice by a business entity") | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge Idaho Code Sec. 54-1235(4); see also Sec. 54-1235(1) |
| Illinois | A | Professional design firm registration (certificate of registration issued by IDFPR) | 225 ILCS 325/23 | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1380.290(a)(1)(B), (a)(2)(A)(ii), (a)(2)(B)(ii), (a)(3)(B); 225 ILCS 325/23(b) |
| Indiana | B | None | IC 25-31-1-18 ("Corporate practice") | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge IC 25-31-1-18(b) |
| Iowa | B | None — zero matches for "certificate of authorization," "partnership," or "business entity" as a registration requirement in chapter 542B. A conduct rule applies instead. | Iowa Code § 542B.26(1)(b); IAC 193C-8.5(542B) "Engineering and land surveying services offered by business entities" | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge IAC 193C-8.5(5) — the rule bars retaining a licensee "through employment OR contract" on an as-needed, occasional or consulting basis, and defines "full-time" not by hours but by "sustained, meaningful, and effective, direct supervision." It therefore forbids the as-needed arrangement in either form rather than imposing an employment status test. |
| Kansas | A | certificate of authorization, renewed biennially | K.S.A. 74-7036(a) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge K.S.A. Sec. 74-7036(a)(1), (a)(3) |
| Kentucky | A | permit issued by the board | KRS 322.060(1)(a) | not established | Employee or sustained responsible charge KRS 322.060(1)(a) — "At least one (1) of its principals or officers, or a designated employee, is a professional engineer who is in responsible charge of the engineering work"; and "The professional engineer in responsible charge is located at the Kentucky office, if one is maintained". |
| Louisiana | A | firm license issued by the board | La. R.S. 37:689 ("Firms"), subsections A and C; R.S. 37:681 independently reaches a "foreign or domestic firm, practicing or offering to practice" | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge LAC 46:LXI.2305.A.1 and 2305.F |
| Maine | B | None — no permit and no certificate of authorization. A statutory condition only: the practice must be carried on solely by Maine-licensed professional engineers. | 32 M.R.S. §1253 ("Corporations, partnerships and associations") | not established | Statute silent |
| Maryland | A | permit issued by the Board, required since 2015-10-01. § 14-101(i) defines "Permit", verbatim: "a permit issued by the Board to allow a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company to operate a business through which one or more professional engineers may practice engineering." | Md. Code Ann., Bus. Occ. & Prof. § 14-402 | not established | Employee or sustained responsible charge Md. Code Ann., Bus. Occ. & Prof. § 14-403 — report paraphrase: "§ 14-403 requires a permit holder to designate a Maryland PE in good standing as 'managing agent,' who must be an employee/owner/director/officer/member/partner of the entity and may serve only one non-affiliated entity." |
| Massachusetts | B | None from the engineering board. | M.G.L. c.112 § 81R(f); penalty section § 81T reaches only individuals; M.G.L. c.156A §§ 7 and 9 apply only to professional corporations | Yes | Statute silent |
| Michigan | B | No certificate of authorization and no firm license fee. Entity-level rule instead: 2/3 of principals must be licensees; department approval is required for any unlicensed principal; a person in responsible charge is required at each place of business. | MCL 339.2010 | not established | Employee or sustained responsible charge MCL 339.2010(4), verbatim: "A firm shall employ a person in responsible charge in the field of services offered at each place of business in this state where services are offered by the firm, except at a field office which provides only a review of construction." |
| Minnesota | B | No mandatory certificate of authorization. § 326.14 is permissive ("may engage"), conditioned only on a licensed person in responsible charge. The AELSLAGID board operates a voluntary firm-registration program ("Register or Renew a Firm," expiring December 31 annually). | Minn. Stat. § 326.14 | Yes | Statute silent |
| Mississippi | A | certificate of authority, mandatory; certificates expire December 31 of the renewal-period year; late-renewal penalty ten percent per month | Miss. Code § 73-13-43, as amended by 2026 H.B. 1150 | not established | Employee or sustained responsible charge Miss. Code § 73-13-43 as amended — "a corporation, firm or partnership must have at least one (1) Mississippi-licensed professional engineer or surveyor as a principal officer, partner or designated principal engineer or surveyor of the firm who has management responsibility for such practice and who makes significant technical and/or contractual judgments on behalf of the firm which would affect the firm's professional reputation and liability." (The statute specifies an internal firm role rather than an employment status in terms.) |
| Missouri | A | certificate of authority for each profession named in the articles of incorporation or organization, mandatory for corporations (including LLCs); renewed under § 327.171, 327.261 or 327.351 | RSMo § 327.401.2 ("Right to practice not transferable — corporation, certificate of authority required, exception"), effective 28 Aug 2019 | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge 20 CSR 2030-10.010(2) (Board rule, Chapter 10 - Corporations), implementing RSMo 327.401.2 |
| Montana | A | certificate of authorization | MCA 37-67-328(1) | not established | Employee or sustained responsible charge MCA 37-67-328(1), verbatim: "A business entity registered with the Montana secretary of state: (a) shall obtain a certificate of authorization from the board before engaging in the practice of professional engineering or professional land surveying; and (b) may engage in the practice … if at least one employee of the business entity is licensed by the board and identified as being in responsible charge…" |
| Nebraska | A | certificate of authorization | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 81-3436(1) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge Neb. Rev. Stat. 81-3436(2); Nebraska Board of Engineers and Architects Rules 7.2.4 and 7.3.3 (Title 111 NAC), 2026 E&A Regulation Act Handbook |
| Nevada | A | firm REGISTRATION, $50, imposed by rule (NAC 625.425) rather than statute — not a certificate of authorization. Verbatim: "No occurrence of 'certificate of authorization' exists in either NRS 625 or NAC 625 (searched both in full; count = 0)." NAC 625.425: "1. A firm must: (a) File an application for registration with the Board on a form provided by the Board; and (b) Pay a fee of $50, before engaging in or offering to engage in the practice of professional engineering or the practice of land surveying in this State. 2. A firm shall not engage in the practice of professional engineering or the practice of land surveying unless a professional engineer or professional land surveyor, as applicable, is in responsible charge of the work provided by the firm." | NRS 625.407 (full-time PE requirement) + NAC 625.425 (registration). "Firm" is defined at NAC 625.013: "'Firm' means a person, other than a natural person, including, without limitation, a partnership, corporation or other business entity, that engages in or offers to engage in the practice of professional engineering or the practice of land surveying…" | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge NRS 625.407(1)(a) and (b) — "shall employ full-time at least one professional engineer" and the person in responsible charge "is employed full-time by that business." Discipline-matching is required by 625.407(3)(a). |
| New Hampshire | A | certificate of authorization, issued by the Office of Professional Licensure and Certification rather than by the board | RSA 310-A:20 ("Engineering Certificates for Business Organizations"), I(c) | not established | Employee or sustained responsible charge RSA 310-A:20, VI, verbatim: "A professional engineer who renders occasional, part-time or consulting engineering services to or for a business organization may not, for the purposes of this subdivision, be designated as being responsible for the engineering activities and decisions of such business organization." |
| New Jersey | A | certificate of authorization, required of corporations; professional service corporations under P.L.1969, c.232 are expressly excepted from 45:8-56 | N.J.S.A. 45:8-56 ("Certificate of authorization"), with N.J.S.A. 45:8-27 | Yes | Contractor permitted |
| New Mexico | A | No firm license exists — no business entity may be licensed. What is required instead is a signed affidavit on file with the board from an authorized company officer and the PE employed by the entity and in responsible charge, kept current. Any statement that New Mexico issues a Certificate of Authorization to engineering firms is wrong. | NMSA 1978 § 61-23-21(A), (B), (D) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge NMSA 1978 § 61-23-21(D) |
| New York | A | Certificate of Authorization from NYSED. Only these may hold one: domestic/foreign professional service corporations; design professional service corporations (BCL Art. 15-A); professional service LLCs and foreign PSLLCs; registered LLPs and NY-registered foreign LLPs; partnerships and joint enterprises as specified in § 7209; general business corporations only under § 7209(6); and an individual licensee. | N.Y. Educ. Law § 7210 (certificates of authorization); § 7209 (forms of practice); § 7209(6) (grandfathered general business corporations) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge N.Y. Educ. Law 7210(1); N.Y. Educ. Law 7209(4), (6); NYSED Office of the Professions, Professional Engineering Practice Guideline 2 (Permissible Forms of Practice) |
| North Carolina | A | Board licensure of the corporation or business firm; application fee not to exceed $100. A corporation not exempt from Chapter 55B by application of G.S. 55B-15 must be incorporated under Chapter 55B. Applies "regardless of when it was incorporated" — NC has no grandfather clause, in contrast to New York. | G.S. 89C-24 ("Licensure of corporations and business firms that engage in the practice of engineering or land surveying"); "business firm" defined at G.S. 89C-3(1a) | not established | Statute silent |
| North Dakota | A | Certificate of commercial practice (NOT called a Certificate of Authorization). Fee not to exceed $200 per year; not transferable; changes in listed information must be reported to the board in writing within thirty days. The requirement is embedded inside NDCC § 43-19.1-27 ("Right to practice") rather than in a separately titled firm section, which is likely why it is easy to miss. | NDCC § 43-19.1-27(4), (5)(c), (6) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge N.D.C.C. 43-19.1-27(6); N.D. Admin. Code 28-02.1-07-02(2); NDSBPE Certificate of Commercial Practice FAQ |
| Northern Mariana Islands | A | Certificate of Authorization (COA) | 4 CMC § 3221(a) and (c); implementing rules at NMIAC § 125-20.1-701 and § 125-20.1-705; defined at NMIAC § 125-20.1-020(n). Collateral bar at the business-license counter: 4 CMC § 3217(g). | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge NMIAC § 125-20.1-701(b)(3) and (d). § 701(b)-(d) reads: "(a) Any firm, joint venture, or any other association of two or more firms, whether organized under the laws of the CNMI or any other jurisdiction, hereafter offering to engage or engaging in the practice of engineering, architecture, land surveying, or landscape architecture in the Commonwealth must have a valid certificate of authorization (COA) issued by the Board. (b) All engineers, architects, land surveyors, or landscape architects may practice engineering, architecture, land surveying, or landscape architecture on behalf of the firm provided that: (1) Each person also possesses a valid license issued by the Board in the appropriate discipline and/or engineering branch; and (2) That such person is designated as being directly in charge and responsible for the work performed by the firm; and (3) That such person is a partner, officer, or a full-time employee of the firm; and (4) That such person has been delegated the legal authority to bind the firm in all matters relating to the work performed. (c) No firm shall be relieved of responsibility for the conduct or acts of its agents, employees, officers, partners, or managers by reason of its compliance with the provisions of this section. No individual practicing engineering, architecture, land surveying, or landscape architecture under the provisions of these regulations shall be relieved of responsibility by reason of their employment or other relationship with a firm holding a valid certificate of authorization. (d) A professional engineer, architect, land surveyor, or landscape architect who renders occasional, part-time, or consulting engineering, architectural, land surveying, or landscape architectural services to, or for a firm, may not for the purposes of this section, be designated as � 2018 by The Commonwealth Law Revision Commission (July 28, 2018) Page 36 of 66 being responsible for the professional activities of the firm. (e) All firms must have a valid certificate of authorization before advertising to offer professional engineering, architectural, land surveying, or landscape architectural services in the CNMI (see the definition of "advertise" in Section 2.2* of these regulations). * So in original." The enabling statute, 4 CMC § 3221(a), requires only that "the persons directly in charge of the professional work are duly licensed"; the partner/officer/full-time employee condition and the express exclusion of an occasional, part-time or consulting engineer are imposed by REGULATION, not by statute. A contracted outside PE therefore may not serve as the firm's designated responsible-charge engineer in the CNMI. |
| Ohio | A | Certificate of authorization from the state board of registration for professional engineers and surveyors | ORC § 4733.16 ("Business authorized to practice", effective April 12, 2021); ORC § 4733.161 (unauthorized practice) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge Ohio Rev. Code 4733.16(D) |
| Oklahoma | A | Certificate of authority issued by the Board | 59 O.S. § 475.21(A)(2); "firm" defined at § 475.2(11); managing-agent rules at § 475.21(F), (G); name restriction at § 475.21(C). Current through Laws 2024, HB 3253, c. 147, § 30, eff. 2024-11-01. | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge 59 O.S. § 475.21(F), (G) |
| Oregon | B | None. No firm license or Certificate of Authorization exists in Oregon. | ORS ch. 672 (2025 Edition) contains ZERO occurrences of "certificate of authorization"; there is no firm-registration section in the chapter. Corroborated by OSBEELS's own FAQ. | not established | Statute silent |
| Pennsylvania | A | No certificate of authorization, no firm registration number, no filing with the board — but a hard prohibition on firm-level practice or advertising unless directing heads and responsible-charge employees are licensed, with their name, seal and signature stamped on all firm-issued documents. | Act of May 23, 1945, P.L. 913, No. 367, § 6 (63 P.S. § 153), "Practice by Firms and Corporations" (6 amended May 12, 2010, P.L.192, No.25) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge 63 P.S. § 153 (act § 6) |
| Puerto Rico | A | Two distinct instruments, neither of them a 'certificate of authorization' in the mainland sense. (1) Registro de Sociedades Profesionales - a professional partnership or 'razon social' may practice only if ALL partners/principals are licensed AND the entity is recorded in the corresponding Registro de Sociedades Profesionales (Art. 22). (2) Corporacion profesional - corporate practice is permitted only if ALL shareholders are licensed and the corporation is organized as a professional corporation under Ley 173 and the Puerto Rico General Corporations Act (Art. 23). NOTE A DIRECT CONFLICT with the Board's own current regulation - see the firm exceptions entry. | Ley 173-1988 Art. 22 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711q-1) and Art. 23 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711q-2); related prohibition at Art. 24 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711q-3) | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge Ley Num. 173 de 12 de agosto de 1988, Art. 22 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711q-1), Art. 23 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711q-2), Art. 2(x); Ley Num. 319 de 15 de mayo de 1938, Sec. 3 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 733) |
| Rhode Island | A | Certificate of authorization issued by the board of engineers (separate from the land surveyors board). Fee not to exceed $150, waived if the firm consists of only one person who is the person in responsible charge. | R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-8-24. History: "P.L. 1991, ch. 304, § 2; P.L. 2004, ch. 56, § 2; P.L. 2004, ch. 63, § 2; P.L. 2009, ch. 68, art. 12, § 10; P.L. 2013, ch. 298, § 2; P.L. 2013, ch. 378, § 2." | Yes | Statute silent |
| South Carolina | A | Certificate of authorization issued by the board. Also required for a firm practicing under a fictitious name; not required for an individual practicing in their own name as individually licensed. Secretary of State documentation must be received by the board first. § 40-22-260 provides for temporary licenses and temporary certificates of authorization. | S.C. Code Ann. § 40-22-250; related definition at § 40-22-20(28): "'Private practice firm' means a firm as defined herein through which the practice of engineering or surveying would require a certificate of authorization as described in this chapter." | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge S.C. Code Ann. 40-22-250(B)(1); see also 40-22-250(F) |
| South Dakota | A | Certificate of authorization — the business entity must register with the board by making application. Supporting sections: 36-18A-49 (application contents), 36-18A-50 (issuance), 36-18A-47 ("Firm or office to have appropriately licensed person in charge"), 36-18A-52 (business entities subject to discipline as individuals are). | SDCL 36-18A-48 ("Business entity must obtain certificate of authorization--Responsibility for acts of individuals"); SDCL 36-18A-8 | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge SDCL 36-18A-48 |
| Tennessee | A | Disclosure filing, NOT a certificate of authorization: a listing of names and addresses of all principals and officers, and of the registered principals/officers in responsible charge, filed with the board on a prescribed form, with written notice of any change of status within sixty days. Plus a full-time registrant in responsible charge at each place of business. | T.C.A. § 62-2-601 ("Practice -- Disclosure"); implemented by Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. ch. 0120-06 ("Corporations, Partnerships and Firms", revised June 3, 2026), esp. 0120-06-.04(1) and 0120-06-.04(4). Rule authority throughout ch. 0120-06 is T.C.A. § 62-2-203(c). | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0120-06-.04(1) |
| Texas | A | Registration with the board (a business entity may not engage in the practice of engineering in Texas unless registered and the practice is carried on only by engineers). Implementing rules at 22 Tex. Admin. Code § 137.77 are the provisions cited in the enforcement orders. | Tex. Occ. Code 1001.405; firm registration rules at 22 Tex. Admin. Code ch. 135 (135.1, 135.3, 135.5); compliance rule at 22 Tex. Admin. Code 137.77 | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge 22 Tex. Admin. Code 137.77(b), (c), (f), (g); 22 Tex. Admin. Code 137.51(d); Tex. Occ. Code 1001.405(e)(3), (f) |
| United States Virgin Islands | A | NO ENGINEERING-SPECIFIC FIRM CREDENTIAL EXISTS IN THE STATUTE. Chapter 8 contains no certificate of authorization, no firm registration, and no firm licensing provision of any kind | 27 V.I.C. sec. 301(a) and sec. 302(b) (Title 27, Chapter 9, Subchapter I - Licensing of Businesses and Occupations). No provision of 27 V.I.C. ch. 8. The instrument name 'Engineering Firm' license is taken from DLCA's published fee schedule, not from statute. | Yes | Contractor permitted |
| Utah | B | None — no certificate of authorization. Utah takes the opposite approach to South Dakota and Texas: rather than requiring firm registration, it EXEMPTS the organization outright if it is staffed correctly. No certificate-of-authorization provision appears anywhere in chapter 58-22. | Utah Code § 58-22-305(1)(g); "principal" defined at § 58-22-102(7) | not established | Employee or sustained responsible charge Utah Code § 58-22-305(1)(g)(i); § 58-22-102(7) |
| Vermont | C | None found in the practice act. No certificate-of-authorization or firm-registration provision exists in 26 V.S.A. ch. 20. | Absence finding derived from the legislature's own chapter index (full list, not a truncated view). Complete section list: § 1161 (Definitions), § 1162 (Prohibition; enforcement), § 1163 (Exemptions), § 1171 (Board of Professional Engineering), § 1172 (Powers and duties), § 1176 (Fees), § 1181 (Repealed, 2013, No. 27, § 16), § 1181a (Engineer interns), § 1182 (Repealed, 2013, No. 27, § 16), § 1182a (Licensing standards), § 1182b (License and specialty disciplines), § 1183 (License renewal), § 1187 (Repealed, 2009, No. 103 (Adj. Sess.), § 53), § 1188 (Seal), § 1191 (Unprofessional conduct), § 1194 (Repealed, 1989, No. 250 (Adj. Sess.), § 92). None concerns business entities. | Yes | Statute silent |
| Virginia | A | Registration with the Board for Architects, Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors, Certified Interior Designers and Landscape Architects | Va. Code Ann. § 54.1-411 ("Organization for practice; registration") | Yes | Statute silent |
| Washington | A | Certificate of authorization (corporations and LLCs); partnerships handled separately without an express certificate | RCW 18.43.130(6) and (8) | not established | Employee or sustained responsible charge RCW 18.43.130 (partnership provision; the audit did not identify the subsection number): partnership practice is permitted where "the partnership employs at least one person holding a valid certificate of registration." For corporations and LLCs the audit records the filing requirements (application, certified copy of a resolution, affidavit) but no employment-form requirement. |
| West Virginia | A | Certificate of authorization | W. Va. Code § 30-13-17 ("Certificates of authorization required; naming of engineering firms") | Yes | Employee or sustained responsible charge W. Va. Code 30-13-17(d) |
| Wisconsin | A | Certificate of authorization | Wis. Stat. § 443.08 ("Registration requirement: firms, partnerships and corporations"), subsections (2), (3), (6) | not established | Employee or sustained responsible charge Wis. Stat. § 443.08(2) — registered professionals may practice through a firm only where the firm has obtained a certificate of authorization AND employs only registered professionals in the respective fields. |
| Wyoming | A | Business entity registration | W.S. § 33-29-602 ("Practice through business entities; registration") | not established | Statute silent |
39 jurisdictions were confirmed to require the engineer in responsible charge to be an employee of the firm or to hold sustained responsible charge. 16 leave the point open or permit a contracted engineer. 0 were not established either way.
50 jurisdictions confirmed; 5 established as carrying none, where the sanction is civil or administrative instead.
Penalty provisions are summarized from the cited statutes and are not legal advice. The authors are not attorneys, and this site takes no position on whether any particular firm or individual has violated any provision. Whether a provision reaches a given set of facts is a question for counsel admitted in that jurisdiction.
| Jurisdiction | Grade | Authority | Statutory text |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Class A misdemeanor | Code of Ala. §34-11-15 | …shall be guilty of a Class A misdemeanor. Each day of the violation shall constitute a separate offense. |
| Alaska | misdemeanor | AS ch. 08.48 | …or a person who violates any of the provisions of this chapter, is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction is punishable by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both. |
| Arizona | class 2 misdemeanor | A.R.S. §32-145 | Any person who commits any of the following acts is guilty of a class 2 misdemeanor: 1. Practices, offers to practice or by any implication holds himself out as qualified to practice any board regulated profession or occupation if the person is not registered or certified…Excerpt. Read the full section |
| Arkansas | Class A misdemeanor; Class D felony on a second or subsequent offense | A.C.A. 17-30-102(b) | (b) The following persons are guilty of a Class A misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class D felony for the second or any subsequent offense: (1) A person who practices or offers to practice engineering in this state without being licensed under this chapter; (2) A person, firm, partnership, organization, association, corporation, or other entity using or employing the words 'engineer' or 'engineering' ... without authorization. |
| California | misdemeanor | Bus. & Prof. Code §6787 | A person who does any of the following is guilty of a misdemeanor: (a) Unless the person is exempt from licensure under this chapter, practices or offers to practice civil, electrical, or mechanical engineering in this state…Excerpt. Read the full section |
| Colorado | Class 2 misdemeanor for unlicensed practice or offering; class 6 felony where the person additionally and intentionally represents themselves fraudulently as licensed | C.R.S. Sec. 12-20-407(1)(a)(V)(C) and Sec. 12-20-407(1)(e)(I), applied to professional engineering by C.R.S. Sec. 12-120-205(6) | 12-20-407. Unauthorized practice of profession or occupation - penalties - exclusions. (1) (a) A person commits a class 2 misdemeanor and shall be punished as provided in section 18-1.3-501 if the person: ... (V) Practices or offers or attempts to practice any of the following professions or occupations without an active license, certification, or registration issued under the part or article of this title 12 governing the particular profession or occupation: ... (C) Professional engineering, as regulated under article 120 of this title 12; ... (e) A person commits a class 6 felony and shall be punished as provided in section 18-1.3-401 if the person practices or offers or attempts to practice any of the following professions or occupations and intentionally and fraudulently represents oneself as a licensed, certified, or registered professional or practitioner of any of the following: (I) Professional engineering, as regulated pursuant to article 120 of this title 12 |
| Connecticut | grade not recorded | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-310: "Any person who knowingly or wilfully violates any provision of this chapter shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars or be imprisoned not more than three months or both." | text not captured |
| District of Columbia | Misdemeanor, unclassified: imprisonment not to exceed one year, a fine not to exceed $10,000, or both; on a prior conviction under the same subchapter, imprisonment not to exceed one year, a fine not to exceed $25,000, or both | D.C. Official Code § 47-2853.27 ("Fines and penalties; criminal violations"), reaching violations of § 47-2853.133 ("Certain representations prohibited") and § 47-2853.26 ("False representation of authority to practice") | § 47–2853.27. Fines and penalties; criminal violations. (a) Any person who violates any provision of this subchapter shall, upon conviction, be subject to imprisonment not to exceed one year, a fine not to exceed $10,000, or both. (b) Any person who has been previously convicted under this subchapter shall, upon conviction, be subject to imprisonment not to exceed one year, a fine not to exceed $25,000, or both. (c) The fines set forth in this section shall not be limited by [§ 22-3571.01]. |
| Florida | first-degree misdemeanor | Fla. Stat. 471.031(2) | 471.031 Prohibitions; penalties. — (1) A person may not: (a) Practice engineering unless the person is licensed or exempt from licensure under this chapter. ... (2) Any person who violates any provision of this section commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. |
| Georgia | Misdemeanor (Georgia does not divide misdemeanors into classes). Each day or occurrence is a separate offense under Sec. 43-15-30(g). | O.C.G.A. Sec. 43-15-30(a) (Unlawful acts), which criminalizes violation of O.C.G.A. Sec. 43-15-7 (Unlawful practice as a professional engineer or land surveyor); see also Sec. 43-15-30(e) | 43-15-30. Unlawful acts. (a) Any person that violates Code Section 43-15-7 shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. ... (e) Any person offering services to the public that uses by name, verbal claim, sign, advertisement, directory listing, letterhead, or otherwise the words “Engineer,” “Engineers,” “Professional Engineering,” “Engineering,” “Engineered,” “Professional Structural Engineer,” “Professional Structural Engineers,” “Structural Engineer,” “Structural Engineers,” “Structural Engineering,” or “Structurally Engineered” shall be guilty of a misdemeanor unless said person has complied with the provisions of this chapter. ... (g) Each day or occurrence in violation of any provision of this Code section shall be considered a separate offense. |
| Guam | Petty misdemeanor for the first offense; third degree felony for the second or any subsequent offense (sec. 32122(b)(1)). A separate, always-petty-misdemeanor offense at sec. 32122(b)(4) covers holding oneself out as a professional engineer, or as able to perform any engineering service, while unregistered. These sit ALONGSIDE, not instead of, civil liability: sec. 32122(a)(1) lets the Board assess a civil penalty for the same conduct, sec. 32122(a)(2) sets it at not less than $5,000 for each offense, and sec. 32122(a)(3) makes each day of continued violation a separate offense. | 22 GCA sec. 32122(b)(1) ('Criminal Offenses'), within sec. 32122 (Violations and Penalties); separate offense at sec. 32122(b)(4) | (1) Any person who shall practice, or offer to practice, engineering, architecture, landscape architecture or land surveying on Guam without being registered in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter, or any person, firm, partnership, organization, association, corporation or other entity using or employing the words, “Engineer” or “Engineering”, “Architect” or “Architecture”, “Landscape Architect”, “Land Surveyor” or “Land Surveying” or any modification or derivative thereof in its name or form of business or activity except as authorized in this Chapter, or any person presenting or attempting to use the Certificate of Registration or the seal of another, or any person who shall give any false or forged evidence of any kind to the Board or to any member thereof if obtaining or attempting to obtain a Certificate of Registration, or any person who shall falsely impersonate any other registrant of like or different name, or any person who shall attempt to use an expired or revoked or non- existent Certificate of Registration, or who shall practice or offer to practice when not qualified, or any person who falsely claims that he is registered under this Chapter, or any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this Chapter, shall be guilty of a petty misdemeanor for the first offense, and a third degree felony for the second or any subsequent offenses. || [sec. 32122(b)(4), the separate holding-out offense:] (4) Any person who is not registered as a professional engineer, architect, landscape architect or land surveyor under this Chapter and who, by written or verbal claim, sign, advertisement, letterhead, card or in any other way represents himself to be a professional engineer, architect, landscape architect or land surveyor or through the use of some other title implies that he is a professional engineer, architect, landscape architect or land surveyor or that he is registered under this Chapter or holds himself out as able to perform any engineering service or work or any other service designated by the practitioner which is recognized as engineering, architecture, landscape architecture or land surveying shall be guilty of a petty misdemeanor. |
| Hawaii | Misdemeanor, unclassified in the section: fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment of not more than one year, or both. HRS Sec. 701-107(3) makes an offense a misdemeanor where a statute outside the Penal Code provides a maximum imprisonment term of one year. | HRS Sec. 464-14(a) (Unlicensed activity; penalties) | §464-14 Unlicensed activity; penalties. (a) Any person who practices, offers to practice, or holds oneself out as authorized and qualified to practice professional engineering, architecture, land surveying, or landscape architecture in the State, except as provided in sections 464-3 and 464-5; or who uses the title “engineer”, “architect”, “land surveyor” or “landscape architect”, or any title, sign, card, or device to indicate that such person is practicing professional engineering, architecture, land surveying, or landscape architecture, or is a professional engineer, architect, land surveyor, or landscape architect, without having first acquired a license in accordance with this chapter and without having a valid unexpired license; or who uses or attempts to use as the person's own the seal, certificate or license of another, or who falsely impersonates any duly licensed practitioner hereunder, or who uses or attempts to use an expired, suspended, or revoked license shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. |
| Idaho | Misdemeanor, unclassified in the section (Sec. 54-1222 states no fine amount and no jail term) | Idaho Code Sec. 54-1222 (Violations and penalties) | 54-1222. Violations and penalties. Any person who shall practice, or offer to practice, professional engineering or professional land surveying in this state without being licensed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, or any person presenting or attempting to use as his own the license or the seal of another, or any person who shall give any false or forged evidence of any kind to the board or to any member thereof in obtaining a license or certificate, or any person who shall falsely impersonate any other licensee of like or different name, or any person who shall attempt to use an expired or revoked license or practice at any time during a period the board has suspended or revoked his license, or any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this chapter, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. |
| Illinois | Class A misdemeanor / Class 4 felony on repeat | 225 ILCS 325 | A person or entity not licensed or registered under this Act that has violated any provision of this Act or its rules is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class 4 felony for a second and subsequent offenses. |
| Indiana | Class B misdemeanor | IC 25-31-1-27 (Practicing without license and other specific violations) | IC 25-31-1-27 Practicing without license and other specific violations. Sec. 27. A person who: (1) practices or offers to practice engineering without being registered or exempted under the laws of this state; (2) presents as the person's own the certificate of registration or the seal of another; (3) gives any false or forged evidence of any kind to the board or to any member of the board in obtaining a certificate of registration; (4) impersonates any other registrant; (5) uses an expired, suspended, or revoked certificate of registration; or (6) otherwise violates this chapter; commits a Class B misdemeanor. |
| Iowa | Fraudulent practice, graded by the amount involved: first degree, class C felony (over $10,000); second degree, class D felony; third degree, aggravated misdemeanor, which is also the grade 'where it is not possible to determine an amount of money or value of property and services involved' (Sec. 714.11(1)(c)); fourth degree, serious misdemeanor; fifth degree, simple misdemeanor. Separately, Sec. 542B.32(2) makes unauthorized disclosure of examination information a simple misdemeanor. | Iowa Code Sec. 542B.25 (Violations), graded through Iowa Code Sec. 714.8-714.14; see also Sec. 542B.32(2) | 542B.25 Violations. Any person who violates such permanent injunction or presents or attempts to file as the person's own the certificate of licensure of another, or who shall give false or forged evidence of any kind to the board, or to any member thereof, in obtaining a certificate of licensure, or who shall falsely impersonate another practitioner of like or different name, or who shall use or attempt to use a revoked certificate of licensure, shall be deemed guilty of a fraudulent practice. |
| Kansas | Class A misdemeanor | K.S.A. 74-7029(a)(1) (Unlawful acts; prosecution; assistance of attorney general and district or county attorney) | 74-7029. Unlawful acts; prosecution; assistance of attorney general and district or county attorney. (a) It shall be a class A misdemeanor for any person to: (1) Practice or offer to practice or hold one's self out as entitled to practice any technical profession unless the person is licensed as provided in K.S.A. 74-7001 et seq., and amendments thereto, or holds a certificate of authorization issued under K.S.A. 74-7036, and amendments thereto |
| Kentucky | Unclassified misdemeanor: fine $100-$1,000 and/or imprisonment not more than 3 months. The statute assigns no class. KRS 532.020(2)-(3) grades unclassified out-of-code offenses by maximum term (90 days to 12 months = Class A misdemeanor; less than 90 days = Class B misdemeanor); a 3-month maximum sits exactly on that boundary, so the class is not determinable from the text alone and none is asserted here. | KRS 322.990 ("Penalties"), with the prohibition at KRS 322.020(1) | 322.990 Penalties. Any person who violates any provision of this chapter shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars ($100) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or be imprisoned not more than three (3) months, or both. |
| Louisiana | grade not recorded | La. R.S. 37:700(N) | text not captured |
| Maryland | Misdemeanor: on conviction, fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or both. Unclassified. | Md. Code Ann., Bus. Occ. & Prof. § 14-508(a), with the prohibition at § 14-501 | (a) A person who violates any provision of this title is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or both. |
| Massachusetts | grade not recorded | M.G.L. c.112 § 81T — "shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred nor more than five hundred dollars or by imprisonment in a jail or house of correction for a period not exceeding three months, or both." | text not captured |
| Michigan | misdemeanor | MCL 339.601(4) | …a person, school, or institution that violates subsection (1) or (2) is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not more than $500.00, or imprisonment for not more than 90 days, or both. |
| Mississippi | Misdemeanor: on conviction, fine of not less than $100 nor more than $5,000 in addition to reimbursement of investigative expenses and court costs, or imprisonment not exceeding 3 months, or both. Unclassified. | Miss. Code Ann. § 73-13-39, as amended by 2026 H.B. 1150 (Laws 2026, ch. 436), effective July 1, 2026 | 73-13-39. Any person or firm who shall practice, or offer to practice, engineering or surveying in this state without being licensed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, or any person presenting or attempting to use as his or her own license or seal of another, or any person who shall give any false or forged evidence of any kind to the board or to any member thereof in obtaining a license, or any person who shall falsely impersonate any other licensee of like or different name, or any person or firm who shall attempt to use an expired or revoked license, or any person or firm who shall violate any of the provisions of this chapter, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than One Hundred Dollars ($100.00), nor more than Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00) in addition to reimbursement of investigative expenses and court costs, or suffer imprisonment for a period not exceeding three (3) months, or both. The criminal penalties provided for in this section may be assessed in addition to those civil penalties provided for in this chapter. |
| Missouri | class A misdemeanor | RSMo §327.076.1 | Any person who practices architecture, engineering, land surveying, or landscape architecture … and who is not the holder of a currently valid license … is guilty of a class A misdemeanor. |
| Nebraska | Class I misdemeanor for the first offense; Class IV felony for the second or any subsequent offense. | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 81-3442 ("Prohibited acts; penalties"), subsection (2), with the prohibition at § 81-3442(1)(a) | (1) It is unlawful for any person to: (a) Practice or offer to practice architecture or engineering in this state without being licensed in accordance with the Engineers and Architects Regulation Act unless such practice or offer to practice is otherwise exempt under the act; ... (2) Any person who performs any of the actions described in subsection (1) of this section is guilty of a Class I misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class IV felony for the second or any subsequent offense. |
| Nevada | gross misdemeanor | NRS ch. 625 | A person who violates any of the provisions of subsection 1 is guilty of a gross misdemeanor. |
| New Hampshire | Class B misdemeanor for an unlicensed natural person; felony for an unauthorized business organization. RSA 310-A:25 does not further classify the felony. | RSA 310-A:25, I ("Violations") | 310-A:25 Violations. - I. (a) It shall be a class B misdemeanor for any unlicensed natural person or a felony for any unauthorized business organization to: (1) Practice, or offer to practice, engineering in this state. (2) Represent by any verbal statement, sign, letterhead, card, or in any other way that they are professional engineers or able to perform engineering services. (3) Use or otherwise assume in conjunction with the personal name, or advertise any title or description tending to convey the impression that such person is a professional engineer licensed under this subdivision. |
| New Mexico | Misdemeanor: on conviction, fine of not more than $7,500 or imprisonment of no more than one year, or both. Unclassified. | NMSA 1978, § 61-23-24(I) ("Engineering -- violations -- disciplinary action -- penalties -- reissuance of licenses") | I. A violation of any provision of the Engineering and Surveying Practice Act is a misdemeanor punishable upon conviction by a fine of not more than seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500) or by imprisonment of no more than one year, or both. |
| New York | grade not recorded | N.Y. Educ. Law § 6512(1) — unlicensed practice or offering to practice is a class E felony; § 6512(2) — knowingly aiding three or more unlicensed persons is a class E felony | text not captured |
| North Carolina | Class 2 misdemeanor | N.C.G.S. §89C-23 | …or any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this Chapter, in addition to injunctive procedures set out hereinbefore, shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor. |
| North Dakota | class B misdemeanor | N.D.C.C. ch. 43-19.1 | …or any person violating any of the provisions of this chapter is guilty of a class B misdemeanor. |
| Northern Mariana Islands | Not graded in the section. The provision prescribes, on conviction in a court of law, a fine of not more than $5,000 or imprisonment of not more than one year, or both. Section 3218 attaches no misdemeanor or felony label, and 6 CMC (Crimes and Criminal Procedures) was not opened to see how the CNMI criminal code classifies an offense carrying a one-year maximum, so no grade label is asserted here. The offense reaches firms as well as natural persons ("any person or firm"), and "person" is defined at 4 CMC § 3211(j) to include corporations, LLCs, LLPs, partnerships and sole proprietorships. | 4 CMC § 3218(c) | (c) Upon conviction in a court of law, any person or firm who violates any of the provisions of this Chapter or the rules and regulations promulgated hereunder, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. |
| Ohio | grade not recorded | ORC 4733.99 — penalizes violations of ORC 4733.22 by a fine of $100 to $500, ninety days' imprisonment, or both. ORC 4733.23 authorizes injunctions. | text not captured |
| Oklahoma | misdemeanor | 59 O.S. §475.20(A) | …or any person who violates any of the provisions of this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not less than Two Hundred Fifty Dollars ($250.00), nor more than Two Thousand Dollars ($2,000.00). |
| Oregon | Class A misdemeanor | ORS 672.991(1) | Violation of any provision of ORS 672.045 is a Class A misdemeanor. |
| Pennsylvania | Summary offense for a first offense (fine up to $1,000 and/or imprisonment up to three months); FELONY for a second or subsequent offense (fine $2,000-$5,000 and/or imprisonment one to two years) | Engineer, Land Surveyor and Geologist Registration Law, Act of May 23, 1945, P.L. 913, No. 367, § 11 ("Penalties") (compiled at 63 P.S. § 158) | Section 11. Penalties.--(a) A person who engages in the practice of engineering, the practice of land surveying or the practice of geology without being licensed and registered as required by this act, or exempted therefrom, as provided in this act, ... or shall otherwise violate the provisions of this act, shall be guilty of a summary offense and upon conviction thereof for a first offense, shall be sentenced to pay a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or suffer imprisonment, not exceeding three months, or both and for a second or subsequent offense shall be guilty of a felony, and upon conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than two thousand dollars but not more than five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than two years, or both. ((a) amended June 28, 2024, P.L.421, No.32) |
| Puerto Rico | DELITO GRAVE (felony) for unlicensed practice or offer to practice: fine not exceeding $10,000, or imprisonment not exceeding six (6) months, or both, at the court's discretion; with aggravating circumstances the fixed penalty may be raised to a maximum of one (1) year. A SEPARATE offense of DELITO MENOS GRAVE (misdemeanor) applies to any natural or juridical person who knowingly associates with, aids, or facilitates another's unlicensed practice: imprisonment not exceeding six (6) months, fine not exceeding $10,000, or both, with community service available in lieu of imprisonment. Subsequent convictions: fine of not less than $10,000 and not more than $15,000, or imprisonment of not less than six (6) months and not more than one (1) year, or both. When the convicted person is a licensed professional the court must notify the Board with a copy of the judgment. NOTE THE ODDITY, REPORTED RATHER THAN RECONCILED: the Act labels the primary offense 'delito grave' while attaching a maximum term of six months. | Ley 173-1988 Art. 35 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711y), 'Violaciones y sanciones penales', as amended by Ley 333-2003 art. 1 (December 29, 2003) | Toda persona que practique u ofreciere practicar las profesiones de ingeniería, arquitectura, agrimensura o arquitectura paisajista en el Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico sin estar debidamente autorizada de acuerdo a esta Ley, o que use o intente usar como suya la licencia, certificado o sello de un profesional; o que presente ante la Junta o ante cualesquiera de los miembros de ésta, evidencia falsa o adulterada para obtener alguna licencia o certificado o para su renovación o reactivación; o que se haga pasar por un profesional registrado o que intente usar una licencia o certificado revocado; o que viole cualesquiera de las disposiciones de esta Ley o sus reglamentos, incurrirá en delito grave y convicta que fuere será sancionada con pena de multa no mayor de diez mil (10,000) dólares, o pena de reclusión por un término no mayor de seis (6) meses, o ambas penas a discreción del tribunal. De mediar circunstancias agravantes, la pena fija establecida podrá ser aumentada hasta un máximo de un (1) año. |
| Rhode Island | Misdemeanor; fine not more than $1,000 for the first offense, not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,000 for each subsequent offense, or imprisonment not more than one year, or both | R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-8-20(c) ("Violations and penalties — Enforcement — Injunctions") | Any individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, limited-liability partnership, corporation, or limited-liability company that: (1) Violates subsection (a) or (b) of this section; ... or (7) Otherwise violates any provision of this chapter; is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction by a court of competent jurisdiction, shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) for the first offense and a fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) nor more than two thousand dollars ($2,000) for each subsequent offense, or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both |
| South Carolina | misdemeanor | S.C. Code §40-1-200 | A person who practices or offers to practice a regulated profession or occupation in this State in violation of this article … is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, must be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not more than fifty thousand dollars. |
| South Dakota | Class 2 misdemeanor | SDCL § 36-18A-65 ("Prohibited acts--Violation as Class 2 misdemeanor") | No person may: (1) Practice, or offer to practice, the professions of engineering, architecture, land surveying, landscape architecture, petroleum release assessment, or petroleum release remediation in this state without being licensed or exempt in accordance with the provisions of this chapter; ... (9) By act of commission or omission, violate any of the provisions of this chapter. A violation of this section is a Class 2 misdemeanor. |
| Tennessee | Class B misdemeanor | Tenn. Code Ann. § 62-2-105(b) ("Violations -- Penalties -- Reporting offenses") | (b) (1) No person shall practice or offer to practice engineering, architecture or landscape architecture, or use the title "registered interior designer" in this state in violation of this chapter. (2) A violation of subdivision (b)(1) is a Class B misdemeanor. (3) Each day's violation of subdivision (b)(1) is a separate offense. |
| Texas | Class A misdemeanor | Tex. Occ. Code 1001.552 | Sec. 1001.552. CRIMINAL PENALTY. (a) A person commits an offense if the person: (1) engages in the practice of engineering without being licensed or exempted from the licensing requirement under this chapter; (2) violates this chapter with respect to the regulation of engineering; (3) presents or attempts to use as the person's own the engineering license or seal of another; or (4) gives false evidence to the board. |
| United States Virgin Islands | Misdemeanor, unclassified in the section: fine of not more than $2,000 or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both. The $2,000 figure is the text as it stands in the edition consulted | 27 V.I.C. sec. 289 (Violations and penalties), as amended by Act No. 6697 (Nov. 23, 2004) sec. 3 | Any person who— (1) practices or offers to practice architecture, engineering, or land surveying in the Virgin Islands without being licensed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, or (2) uses in connection with his name, or who otherwise assumes, uses, or advertises, any title or description tending to convey that he is an architect, engineer, or land surveyor licensed to practice in the Virgin Islands without being so licensed, or (3) presents or attempts to use the license or seal of another, or (4) attempts to use an expired, suspended, or revoked license, or (5) gives false or forged evidence of any kind to the Board or any member thereof in obtaining or attempting to obtain a license, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and may, upon conviction, be fined not more than $2,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. |
| Utah | Class A misdemeanor | Utah Code § 58-1-502(1)(a), applied to unlawful conduct defined at Utah Code § 58-22-501 and § 58-1-501(1)(a) | 58-1-502 Unlawful and unprofessional conduct -- Penalties. (1) (a) Unless otherwise specified in this title, a person who violates the unlawful conduct provisions defined in this title is guilty of a class A misdemeanor. |
| Vermont | Misdemeanor, unclassified: fine not more than $5,000 or imprisonment not more than one year, or both. Vermont classifies by exposure — 13 V.S.A. § 1: 'any offense whose maximum term of imprisonment is more than two years, for life, or which may be punished by death is a felony. Any other offense is a misdemeanor.' | 26 V.S.A. § 1162(c) ("Prohibition; enforcement"), incorporating 3 V.S.A. § 127(c) ("Unauthorized practice") | 26 V.S.A. § 1162(c): "A person found guilty of violating this section shall be subject to penalties provided in 3 V.S.A. § 127(c). In addition to the power of criminal enforcement, the Attorney General, a State's Attorney, or a prosecuting attorney from the Office of Professional Regulation may bring a civil action to restrain continuing violations of this section." 3 V.S.A. § 127(c): "In addition to other provisions of law, unauthorized practice shall be punishable by a fine of not more than $5,000.00 or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both. Prosecution may occur upon the complaint of the Attorney General or a State's Attorney or an attorney assigned by the Office of Professional Regulation under this section and shall not act as a bar to civil or administrative proceedings involving the same conduct." |
| Virginia | grade not recorded | Va. Code Ann. § 54.1-111(B): "Any person who willfully engages in any unlawful act enumerated in this section is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. The third or any subsequent conviction ... constitutes a Class 6 felony." (source: law.lis.virginia.gov) | text not captured |
| Washington | grade not recorded | RCW 18.43.120: "...or any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this chapter shall be guilty of a gross misdemeanor." (source: app.leg.wa.gov) | text not captured |
| West Virginia | misdemeanor on a first offense; FELONY, ten to twenty years, on a second or subsequent offense | W. Va. Code 30-13-23 | Any person who practices or offers to practice engineering in this state without being registered in accordance with the provisions of this article, ... or any person who violates any of the provisions of this article is guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $500, or imprisoned in the county jail not more than six months, or both fined and imprisoned. Any person who commits a second or subsequent offense under this section is guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned in the penitentiary not less than ten nor more than twenty years. |
| Wisconsin | Misdemeanor, unclassified: fine not less than $100 nor more than $500, or imprisonment not more than 3 months, or both. Wisconsin supplies the classification by general statute — § 939.12: 'A crime is conduct which is prohibited by state law and punishable by fine or imprisonment or both'; § 939.60: 'A crime punishable by imprisonment in the Wisconsin state prisons is a felony. Every other crime is a misdemeanor.' | Wis. Stat. § 443.18(1)(a) ("Penalties; law enforcement"; subsection (1) captioned "Unauthorized practice; penalty") | Any person who practices or offers to practice architecture, landscape architecture, or professional engineering in this state, or who uses the term "architect," "landscape architect," or "professional engineer" as part of the person's business name or title, except as provided in s. 443.08 (6), or in any way represents himself or herself as an architect, landscape architect, or a professional engineer unless the person is registered or exempted in accordance with this chapter, ... or violates any of the provisions of this section, may be fined not less than $100 nor more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 3 months or both. |
| Wyoming | Misdemeanor: fine not more than $1,000, imprisonment not more than one year, or both; each violation a separate offense | Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 33-29-708 ("Criminal penalties") | 33-29-708. Criminal penalties. Any person who violates any provision of this act is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), by imprisonment of not more than one (1) year, or both. Each violation shall constitute a separate offense. |
130 provisions across 53 jurisdictions, including those that cut against the argument. 110 are published with their statutory text; 20 are cited only, because the text was not transcribed, and are marked text not captured below. Note whether each preserves a PE-in-responsible-charge requirement, and whether it reaches outside consultants rather than only an operator's own employees.
| Jurisdiction | Kind | Authority | PE still in responsible charge? | Reaches outside consultants? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | public utility | Code of Ala. § 34-11-14(4) (Persons and acts exempt from chapter) (4) The practice of engineering or land surveying with respect to transportation or utility facilities by any transportation company or public utility subject to regulation by the Alabama Public Service Commission, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Federal Communications Commission, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, or the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, including its parents, affiliates, or subsidiaries; or by the officers and employees of any transportation company or public utility including its parents, affiliates, or subsidiaries. This exception shall not extend to any engineer or land surveyor engaged in the practice of engineering or land surveying whose compensation is based in whole or in part on a fee. | No | No |
| industrial | Code of Ala. § 34-11-9(a)(7) (7) The practice of engineering or land surveying incidental to or in connection with production, manufacture, transportation, distribution, or communication may be carried on by any firm engaged in the production, manufacture, transportation, distribution, or communication and does not require a certificate of authorization. The engineering or land surveying work shall be performed by or under the direction of a licensed professional engineer or licensed professional land surveyor, and shall be sealed as required by this chapter. | Yes | not established | |
| Alaska | in house employee | AS 08.48.331(a)(10) (10) an officer or employee of an individual, firm, partnership, association, utility, corporation, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or limited partnership, who practices engineering, architecture, land surveying, or landscape architecture involved in the operation of the employer's business only, and further if neither the employee nor the employer offers engineering, architecture, land surveying, or landscape architecture services to the public; exclusions under this paragraph do not apply to buildings or structures whose primary use is public occupancy | No | No |
| Arizona | industrial | A.R.S. § 32-101(B)(11) (mining exemption sitting inside the definition itself) A person employed on a full-time basis as an engineer by an employer engaged in the business of developing, mining and treating ores and other minerals shall not be deemed to be practicing engineering for the purposes of this chapter if the person engages in the practice of engineering exclusively for and as an employee of such employer and does not represent that the person is available and is not represented as being available to perform any engineering services for persons other than the person's employer. | No | No |
| industrial | A.R.S. § 32-144(C) ("Exemptions and limitations; definition") C. The requirements of this chapter do not apply to work done by any communications common carrier or its affiliates or any public service corporation or manufacturing industry or by full-time employees of any of them if such work is in connection with or incidental to the products, systems or nonengineering services of the communications common carrier or its affiliates or public service corporation or manufacturing industry and if the engineering service is not offered directly to the public. | No | No | |
| Arkansas | subprofessional | A.C.A. § 17-30-105(3) (Exemptions — Employees and Subordinates) (3) Employees and Subordinates. The work of an employee or a subordinate of a person holding a certificate of licensure under this chapter ... if the work does not include final engineering designs or decisions and is done under the direct supervision of and verified by a person holding a certificate of licensure... | Yes | No |
| other | A.C.A. § 17-30-105(1)–(2) (Exemptions — the complete remainder of the list) (1) Other Professions. The practice of any other legally recognized profession; (2) Temporary Permits [non-resident licensed elsewhere; temporary permit pending comity] | not established | not established | |
| California | industrial | Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 6747 6747. (a) This chapter, except for those provisions that apply to civil engineers and civil engineering, shall not apply to the performance of engineering work by a manufacturing, mining, public utility, research and development, or other industrial corporation, or by employees of that corporation, provided that work is in connection with, or incidental to, the products, systems, or services of that corporation or its affiliates. (b) For purposes of this section, 'employees' also includes consultants, temporary employees, contract employees, and those persons hired pursuant to third-party contracts. (Amended by Stats. 1997, Ch. 705, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.) | No | Yes |
| Colorado | in house employee | C.R.S. § 12-120-203(1)(c) Nothing in this part 2 requires licensure as a professional engineer for the following: ... (c) Partnerships, professional associations, joint stock companies, limited liability companies, or corporations, or the employees of any such organizations, who perform engineering services for themselves or their affiliates | No | No |
| subprofessional | C.R.S. § 12-120-203(1)(d) (d) Individuals who perform engineering services under the responsible charge of a professional engineer | Yes | not established | |
| public utility | C.R.S. § 12-120-203(1)(j) (j) Utilities or their employees or contractors when performing services for another utility during times of natural disasters or emergency situations; or | No | Yes | |
| other | C.R.S. § 12-120-203(1)(a), (b), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (k) (a) Individuals who normally operate and maintain machinery or equipment; (b) Individuals who perform engineering services for themselves; ... (e) Work of a strictly agricultural nature that is not required to be of public record; (f) Professional land surveying as defined in section 12-120-302 (5); (g) Individuals who are employed by and perform engineering services solely for a county, city and county, or municipality; (h) Individuals who are employed by and perform engineering services solely for the federal government; (i) Individuals who practice architecture as defined in section 12-120-402 (5); ... (k) Individuals who practice landscape architecture as defined in section 12-130-104 (6). | No | No | |
| Connecticut | public utility | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-309(2) (2) any corporation whose operations are under the jurisdiction of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority and the officers and employees of any such corporation or any contracting corporation affiliated with any such corporation | No | Yes |
| subprofessional | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-309(1) (1) An employee or a subordinate of a person holding a license under this chapter, provided the work of such employee shall be under the responsible supervision of a person so licensed | Yes | No | |
| industrial | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-309(3) (3) any manufacturing or scientific research and development corporation and the officers and employees of any such corporation while engaged in the performance of their employment by such corporation, provided the engineering work performed by such corporation, officers and employees shall be incidental to the research and development or manufacturing activities of such corporation | No | No | |
| other | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-309(4), (5) (4) officers and employees of the government of the United States while engaged within this state in the practice of the profession of engineering or land surveying for said government; and (5) architects licensed under chapter 390, in the performance of work incidental to their profession. | No | No | |
| Delaware | in house employee | 24 Del. C. § 2803(26) (closing clause of the definition itself) ...neither does it include engineering services performed by an employee of a firm or corporation that does not offer professional engineering services to the general public. | No | No |
| other | 24 Del. C. § 2803(26) (operate/maintain clause) and § 2802A ...but it does not include the work ordinarily performed by persons who operate or maintain machinery or equipment... [§ 2803(26)]; § 2802A "Exemption for expert testimony" — expert testimony by an engineer licensed in another state. | No | not established | |
| District of Columbia | federal services | D.C. Official Code § 47-2853.05 ("Exemptions; federal services") text not captured | No | Yes |
| District government employees, officers and consultants; ABET graduates under responsible charge | D.C. Official Code § 47-2853.133, as amended by D.C. Law 24-248 (Engineering Licensure Amendment Act of 2022, eff. Feb. 23, 2023) text not captured | Yes | Yes | |
| Florida | public utility | Fla. Stat. § 471.003(2)(d) (d) Regular full-time employees of a public utility or other entity subject to regulation by the Florida Public Service Commission, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, or Federal Communications Commission. | No | No |
| subprofessional | Fla. Stat. § 471.003(2)(e) and (2)(b)2. (e) Employees of a firm, corporation, or partnership who are the subordinates of a person in responsible charge, licensed under this chapter. [and] (b)2. Persons who are employees of any state, county, municipal, or other governmental unit of this state and who are the subordinates of a person in responsible charge licensed under this chapter, to the extent that the supervision meets standards adopted by rule of the board. | Yes | No | |
| other | Fla. Stat. § 471.003(2)(a) (a) Any person practicing engineering for the improvement of, or otherwise affecting, property legally owned by her or him, unless such practice involves a public utility or the public health, safety, or welfare or the safety or health of employees. This paragraph shall not be construed as authorizing the practice of engineering through an agent or employee who is not duly licensed under the provisions of this chapter. | not established | No | |
| industrial | Fla. Stat. § 471.003(2)(c) (c) Regular full-time employees of a business organization not engaged in the practice of engineering as such, whose practice of engineering for such business organization is limited to the design or fabrication of manufactured products and servicing of such products. | No | No | |
| other | Fla. Stat. § 471.003(2)(b)1., (f), (g), (h), (i), (j) (b)1. A person acting as a public officer employed by any state, county, municipal, or other governmental unit of this state when working on any project the total estimated cost of which is $10,000 or less. ... (f) Any person as contractor in the execution of work designed by a professional engineer or in the supervision of the construction of work as a foreman or superintendent. (g) A licensed surveyor and mapper who takes, or contracts for, professional engineering services incidental to her or his practice of surveying and mapping ... (h) Any electrical, plumbing, air-conditioning, or mechanical contractor whose practice includes the design and fabrication of electrical, plumbing, air-conditioning, or mechanical systems ... [dollar and capacity thresholds follow] ... (i) Any general contractor ... under a design-build contract ... (j) Any defense, space, or aerospace company ... | not established | not established | |
| Guam | in house firm self performance | 22 GCA sec. 32123(f) (f) This Section shall not require a Certificate of Authorization for a firm performing engineering, architecture, landscape architecture or land surveying for the firm itself or a parent or subsidiary of said firm. | Yes | No |
| employee subordinate | 22 GCA sec. 32126(b) (Exemption Clause - Employees and Subordinates) (b) Employees and Subordinates. The work of an employee or a subordinate of a person holding a Certificate of Registration under this Chapter or an employee of a person practicing lawfully under Subsection (a) of this Section, provided, such work does not include final engineering, architecture, landscape architecture or land surveying designs or decisions and is done under the direct supervision of and verified by a person holding a Certificate of Registration under this Chapter or a person practicing lawfully under Subsection (a) of this Section. | Yes | No | |
| temporary permit nonresident | 22 GCA sec. 32126(a)(1) (Exemption Clause - Temporary Permits - Professional Engineer/Architect) (1) Professional Engineer/Architect — The practice or offer to practice engineering, architecture or landscape architecture by a person not a resident of or having no established place of business on Guam, provided such person is legally qualified by registration to practice engineering, architecture or landscape architecture as defined in § 32103 of this Title, in his own state or territory and, in the case of a person seeking to practice architecture, who has a current certificate of registration issued by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards, and in the case of a person seeking to practice landscape architecture, who has a correct Certificate of Registration issued by the Council of Landscape Architectural Registration Boards. Such person shall make application to the Board in writing and, after payment of a fee as prescribed in the by-laws, may be granted written permit for a definite period of time not to exceed one (1) year to do a specific job, provided, however, that no right to practice engineering, architecture or landscape architecture shall accrue to such applicant with respect to any other work not set forth in said permit. | Yes | Yes | |
| construction management | 22 GCA sec. 32126(c) (Exemption Clause - Practice of Construction Management) (c) Practice of Construction Management. Any service or work, the adequate performance of which involves professional construction inspection or observation, certifications, shop drawing review and approval, engineering calculations, specifications, revising construction details, construction interpretation, etc., as defined in § 32103 of this Chapter. | not established | Yes | |
| government employee restriction | 22 GCA sec. 32119 (Public Works) Government employees shall not engage in the practice of engineering, architecture, landscape architecture or land surveying, involving either public or private property, without the project being under the direct charge and supervision of a registered engineer, architect, landscape architect or land surveyor, as provided by this Chapter. | Yes | No | |
| Hawaii | other | HRS § 464-3 Persons practicing professional engineering, architecture, land surveying, or landscape architecture solely as officers or employees of the United States shall be exempted from the provisions of this chapter. | No | No |
| other | HRS § 464-5 Nothing in this chapter shall prevent any person from engaging in engineering, architectural, or landscape architectural work and undertakings upon property owned or exclusively controlled or possessed by that person, or from hiring any person to do the work and undertakings, unless the work and undertakings involve the safety or health of the public... [closing:] All engineering work, architectural work, and landscape architectural work in which the public safety or health is involved shall be designed by and the construction observed by a duly licensed professional engineer, architect, or landscape architect, respectively. | Yes | Yes | |
| other | HRS § 464-13 [Small privately owned structures below dollar thresholds - $40,000 / $35,000 non-residential; $180,000 / $162,000 residential - with carve-backs.] | not established | not established | |
| Idaho | industrial | Idaho Code § 54-1223(1)(f) (f) The practice of engineering by employees of a business entity as long as the services provided by them are for internal business entity use only. | No | No |
| subprofessional | Idaho Code § 54-1223(1)(b) [(b) employees and subordinates of a licensee working under direct supervision and not making final engineering design decisions] | Yes | No | |
| other | Idaho Code § 54-1223(1)(a), (c), (d), (e) [(a) other licensed professions/trades; (c) certain university teaching; (d) and (e) surveying on one's own property and mining claims] | not established | not established | |
| Illinois | industrial | 225 ILCS 325/3(e)(4) (4) Services performed by employees of a business organization engaged in utility, telecommunications, industrial, or manufacturing operations, or by employees of laboratory research affiliates of such business organization that are rendered in connection with the fabrication or production, sale, and installation of products, systems, or nonengineering services of the business organization or its affiliates. | No | No |
| subprofessional | 225 ILCS 325/3(e)(1) [(e)(1) employees of PEs practicing as sole owners, partnerships or corporations, acting under the direct supervision of their employers.] | Yes | No | |
| in house employee | 225 ILCS 325/3(e)(5) and 3(e)(6) (e)(5) "Inspection, maintenance and service work done by employees of the State of Illinois, any political subdivision thereof or any municipality." (e)(6) [a long list of operating titles: chief engineer of plant operation, electrical maintenance or service engineers, personnel employed in connection with construction, operation or maintenance of "waterworks, steam, electric, and sewage treatment and disposal plants".] | No | No | |
| other | 225 ILCS 325/3(e)(3), 3(e)(8), and 3(a)-(d) (e)(3) federal officers and employees. (e)(8) "The services, for private use, of contractors or owners in the construction of engineering works or the installation of equipment." Sec. 3(a)-(d) additionally carve out structural engineering, architecture, construction contracting and management, licensed private alarm contractors, and fire sprinkler layout documents. | not established | not established | |
| Indiana | subprofessional | IC 25-31-1-20(a) Sec. 20. (a) An employee or a subordinate of any person who holds a certificate of registration under the provisions of this chapter is exempt from the provisions of this chapter if the practice of the employee or subordinate does not include responsible charge of design or supervision. | Yes | No |
| other | IC 25-31-1-20(b)(1) (b) This chapter does not require registration for the purpose of practicing engineering by an individual or a business: (1) on property owned or leased by that individual or business unless the engineering practice involves the public health or safety, or the health or safety of the employees of that individual or business | No | No | |
| other | IC 25-31-1-20(b)(2), (b)(3) (2) for the performance of engineering which relates solely to the design or fabrication of manufactured products; or (3) that is registered as a landscape architect under IC 25-4-2 and while the individual or business is engaged in the practice of landscape architecture planning the use of land or water. | No | not established | |
| Iowa | industrial | Iowa Code § 542B.26(1)(a) 1. a. This chapter shall not apply to any full-time employee of any corporation while doing work for that corporation, except in the case of corporations offering their services to the public as professional engineers or professional land surveyors. | No | No |
| other | Iowa Code § 542B.26(1)(b) b. Corporations engaged in designing buildings or works for public or private interests not their own shall be deemed to be engaged in the practice of engineering within the meaning of this chapter. With respect to such corporations all principal designing or constructing engineers shall hold certificates of licensure issued under this chapter. This chapter shall not apply to corporations engaged solely in constructing buildings and works. | Yes | No | |
| other | Iowa Code § 542B.26(2) 2. This chapter shall not apply to any professional engineer or professional land surveyor working for the United States government, nor to any professional engineer or professional land surveyor employed as an assistant to a professional engineer or professional land surveyor licensed under this chapter if such assistant is not placed in responsible charge of any work involving the practice of engineering or land surveying work, nor to the operation or maintenance of power and mechanical plants or systems. | Yes | No | |
| Kansas | in house employee | K.S.A. 74-7035(b) The provisions of K.S.A. 74-7001 et seq., and amendments thereto, shall not apply to: ... (b) the work of any person who is exclusively and regularly employed by a single employer, provided, such employer is not an engineering, architectural, surveying, landscape architectural or geology firm, and is not primarily engaged in the business of conveying an interest in real property, and also provided, such work is performed under an employer-employee relationship, and making surveys of land and determinations of physical property rights is performed solely in connection with the affairs of such employer or its subsidiaries and affiliates and solely for the uses, purposes and benefit of such employer, subsidiaries and affiliates | No | No |
| other | K.S.A. 74-7033 ("Engineering; exemptions from requirements for licensure or certification") text not captured | not established | not established | |
| Kentucky | public utility | KRS 322.030(4) KRS 322.020 shall not apply to: ... (4) An engineer or land surveyor engaged solely as an officer or employee of a privately owned public utility or of a business entity engaged in interstate commerce as defined in the Interstate Commerce Act (24 Stat. 379) as amended | No | No |
| Louisiana | industrial | La. R.S. 37:701(C) C. This Chapter shall not apply to, affect, interfere with, or in any way regulate employees of firms engaged in industrial operations, including but not limited to producing, processing, manufacturing, transmitting, distributing, or transporting, when performing services within the state of Louisiana in the course and scope of the business of said firms or affiliates thereof. In the event any of the activities set forth in this Subsection shall fall within the definition of practice of engineering as defined in R.S. 37:682, such activities shall be under the responsible charge of a professional engineer. However, this Subsection shall not apply to persons practicing civil engineering or land surveying, who must at all times comply with the provisions of this Chapter. | Yes | No |
| subprofessional | La. R.S. 37:701(A) "subprofessional work as defined in the rules or regulations of the board" ... "shall be supervised by a professional engineer when their work involves the practice of engineering" | Yes | not established | |
| Maine | interstate commerce | 32 M.R.S. §1255(5) 5. Interstate commerce corporation employees. An officer or employee of a corporation engaged in interstate commerce as defined in the Act of Congress entitled "An Act to Regulate Commerce" approved February 4, 1887, as amended, or in interstate communication as defined in the Act of Congress entitled "Communications Act of 1934" approved June 9, 1934, while working solely as an employee of such corporation. An officer or employee of such corporation customarily in responsible charge of the engineering work of such corporation within this State must be a licensee under this chapter; [PL 2005, c. 315, §8 (AMD).] | Yes | No |
| other | 32 M.R.S. §1255 (remaining categories) text not captured | not established | not established | |
| Maryland | public utility | Md. Code Ann., Bus. Occ. & Prof. § 14-301(b)(2) (a) Except as otherwise provided in this title, an individual shall be licensed by the Board before the individual may practice engineering in the State. (b) This section does not apply to: (1) an individual who practices engineering while performing official duties as an officer or employee of the federal government; (2) a regular employee of a public utility company while providing engineering services to any facility of the company that the State or federal government regulates to safeguard life, health, and property; (3) an officer or employee of a corporation, while the officer or employee practices engineering under the conditions authorized under § 14-302 of this subtitle; (4) an employee or other subordinate of a professional engineer, while the subordinate practices engineering under the conditions authorized under § 14-303(a)(1) of this subtitle; or (5) an employee of an individual who is not a professional engineer but who, nevertheless, is authorized to practice engineering, while the employee practices engineering under the conditions authorized under § 14-303(a)(2) of this subtitle. | No | No |
| industrial | Md. Code Ann., Bus. Occ. & Prof. § 14-302(b) (b) An officer or employee of a corporation may practice engineering without a license if: (1) the corporation is engaged in: (i) manufacturing; (ii) industrial processes; (iii) industrial engineering; or (iv) maintenance and repair of structures or equipment used in industrial processes or manufacturing; and (2) the work of the officer or employee relates to the products or systems of the corporation or its subsidiaries or affiliates. | No | No | |
| Massachusetts | industrial | M.G.L. c.112 § 81R(g) "(g) the performance of engineering work or services by employees of a corporation engaged in manufacturing, research or development operations, which work or services are performed in connection with the research or development activities of, or the manufacture, sale, installation, maintenance, repair or service of the products of, such corporation, or of its parents, affiliates or subsidiaries; provided, that such research or development activities which are not related to the manufacture, sale, installation, maintenance, repair or service of the products of such corporation, or of its parents, affiliates or subsidiaries, are not primarily in connection with the construction of fixed works which are to be made available for use by the general public;" | No | No |
| public utility | M.G.L. c.112 § 81R(l) "(l) the performance of engineering work and services by a person, firm or corporation subject to the jurisdiction of the department of public utilities or the department of telecommunications and cable which work and services are performed as part of their employment and for the benefit of such person, firm, or corporation; provided, however, that this subsection shall not apply to engineering work or services that could pose a material risk to public safety, as determined by the department of public utilities, performed by or on behalf of a gas company, as defined in section 1 of chapter 164, that distributes and sells gas within the commonwealth;" | No | No | |
| Michigan | interstate commerce | MCL 339.2012(1)(a) "(a) A professional engineer employed by a railroad or other interstate corporation, whose employment and practice is confined to the property of the corporation." | No | No |
| other | MCL 339.2012(1) (remaining four subdivisions) text not captured | not established | not established | |
| Minnesota | other | Minn. Stat. § 326.03, subd. 2 "Subd. 2. Exceptions. Nothing contained in sections 326.02 to 326.15 shall prevent persons from advertising and performing services such as consultation, investigation, or evaluation in connection with, or from making plans and specifications for, or from supervising, the erection, enlargement, or alteration of any of the following buildings: (1) dwellings for single families, and outbuildings in connection therewith, such as barns and private garages; (2) two family dwellings; (3) any farm building or accessory thereto; or (4) temporary buildings or sheds used exclusively for construction purposes, not exceeding two stories in height, and not used for living quarters." | No | Yes |
| other | Minn. Stat. § 326.03, subds. 4 and 5 text not captured | not established | not established | |
| Mississippi | industrial | Miss. Code § 73-13-49(1)(d), created by 2026 H.B. 1150 § 25 "(d) The performance of engineering services by any regular full-time employee of a manufacturing, research and development, railroad or other industrial corporation, provided: (i) Such services are rendered on or in connection with existing fixed works, equipment, systems, processes or facilities owned, operated, or leased by such corporation and/or its affiliates; (ii) Such services are not rendered to third parties; (iii) Such services do not consist of original plant design, original system design, or original process design, other than routine system extensions that do not compromise the integrity of the original design; (iv) Such services comply with all requirements specified by the employee's company or corporation; (v) All fixed works, equipment, systems, processes or facilities modified by such services undergo a safety review…" | not established | No |
| Missouri | industrial | RSMo § 327.191 ("Unauthorized practice prohibited — licensure required — exceptions, when") "Any person engaged in engineering who is a full-time, regular employee of a person engaged in manufacturing operations and which engineering so performed by such person relates to the manufacture, sale or installation of the products of such person, and does not affect the health, safety, and welfare of the public." | No | No |
| Montana | other | MCA 37-67-103 (Exemptions) — quoted in full by "The following are exempt from licensure under this chapter: (1) the practice of any other legally recognized professions or trades; (2) the mere execution of work by a contractor, as distinguished from its planning or design or the supervision of the construction of work as a lead supervisor or superintendent; (3) the work of an employee or a subordinate of a person holding a license under this chapter or an employee of a person practicing lawfully under this chapter if the work does not include final engineering or land surveying designs or decisions and is done under the direct supervision of a person holding a license under this chapter or a person practicing lawfully under this chapter; (4) the practice of professional engineering by licensed architects when the practice is purely incidental to their practice of architecture." | Yes | No |
| other | MCA 37-67-101(7)(c) — definitional exclusion, not an exemption "(c) The term does not include the work ordinarily performed by persons who operate or maintain machinery or equipment, communication lines, signal circuits, electric powerlines, or pipelines." | No | not established | |
| Nebraska | in house employee | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 81-3453(7) "(7) A public service provider or an organization who employs a licensee performing professional services for itself;" | not established | No |
| public utility | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 81-3453(13) "(13) The work of employees and agents of a political subdivision or a nonprofit entity organized for the purpose of furnishing electrical service performing, in accordance with other requirements of law, their customary duties in the administration and enforcement of codes, permit programs, and land-use regulations and their customary duties in utility and public works construction, operation, and maintenance;" | not established | No | |
| industrial | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 81-3453(16) "(16) Work performed in the exploration, development, and production of oil and gas or before the Nebraska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission; and" | not established | not established | |
| other | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 81-3453 ("Practice of engineering; exempted activities") — remaining subdivisions text not captured | not established | not established | |
| Nevada | public utility | NRS 625.095(2)(a) "NRS 625.095 Applicability of chapter: Persons exempt from provisions concerning licensure. 1. The following persons are exempt from the provisions of this chapter which require licensure: (a) Any subordinate of a professional engineer of this State if he or she acts as a subordinate. (b) Officers and employees of the United States Government who have qualified pursuant to federal regulations and have been authorized to do engineering for the Federal Government, but no such governmental officer or employee may engage in the private practice of engineering in Nevada unless licensed pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. 2. The licensure requirements of this chapter do not apply to: (a) The employees of interstate or intrastate public utility companies while they are engaged in any type of work for those companies, except work of a type prescribed pursuant to NRS 703.1543; (b) Any architect registered pursuant to the provisions of chapter 623 of NRS…" | No | No |
| New Hampshire | other | RSA 310-A:27 (Exemptions) — quoted in full by "310-A:27 Exemptions. – Nothing in this subdivision shall be construed to prevent or affect: I. [Repealed.] II. The work of an employee or a subordinate of a person holding an engineering license under this subdivision, provided such work does not include final designs or decisions and is done under the direct responsibility, checking, and supervision of a person holding an engineering license under this subdivision; III. The practice of officers and employees of the government of the United States while engaged within this state in the practice of engineering for the federal government; or IV. The practice of architecture by a duly licensed architect." | Yes | No |
| New Jersey | interstate commerce | N.J.S.A. 45:8-40(5) ("Persons exempt") "(5) The practice of engineering or land surveying solely as an officer or employee of a corporation engaged in interstate commerce as defined in an act of Congress entitled 'Act to regulate commerce,' approved February 4, 1887, and as amended, unless the same affects public safety or health." | No | No |
| other | N.J.S.A. 45:8-40(1) — temporary practice "(1) A person not a resident of and having no established place of business in this State … when such practice does not exceed in the aggregate 30 consecutive days in any calendar year … However, no final plans or reports may be submitted under this provision." | not established | Yes | |
| New Mexico | in house employee | NMSA 1978 § 61-23-22(B) B. An engineer employed by a business entity who performs only the engineering services involved in the operation of the business entity's or an affiliated business entity's business shall be exempt ... provided that neither the employee nor the employer offers engineering services to the public; and provided further that any such engineering services are limited to the legal boundaries of the property owned, leased or lawfully operated by the business entity or an affiliated business entity that employs the engineer. Performance of engineering on public works projects pursuant to Section 61-23-26 NMSA 1978 or within off-premises easements constitutes engineering services to the public and is subject to the Engineering and Surveying Practice Act. | No | No |
| public utility | NMSA 1978, 61-23-22(C) C. A rural electric distribution cooperative shall be exempt from the provisions of the Engineering and Surveying Practice Act; provided that the cooperative's services are not offered to the public and are performed only within the legal boundaries of the property that the cooperative owns, leases, has an easement or right of way on or lawfully operates. | No | No | |
| New York | public utility | N.Y. Educ. Law § 7208, paragraph designated (l) on nysenate.gov (cite by opening words: "The practice of engineering or land surveying, or using the title 'engineer' or 'surveyor' (i) exclusively as an officer or employee of a public service corporation...") l. The practice of engineering or land surveying, or using the title "engineer" or "surveyor" (i) exclusively as an officer or employee of a public service corporation by rendering to such corporation such services in connection with its lines and property which are subject to supervision with respect to the safety and security thereof by the public service commission of this state, the interstate commerce commission or other federal regulatory body and so long as such person is thus actually and exclusively employed and no longer, or (ii) exclusively as an officer or employee of the Long Island power authority or its service provider | No | No |
| interstate commerce | N.Y. Educ. Law § 7208, paragraph designated (j) on nysenate.gov j. The practice of engineering or land surveying or having the title "engineer" or "surveyor" solely as an officer or an employee of a corporation engaged in interstate commerce | No | No | |
| North Carolina | in house employee | G.S. 89C-25(7a) (7a) The engineering or surveying activities of a person as defined by G.S. 89C-3(5) who is engaged in manufacturing, processing, producing, or transmitting and delivering a product or public utility service, and which activities are reasonably necessary and connected with the primary services performed by individuals regularly employed in the ordinary course of business by the person, provided that the engineering or surveying activity is not a holding out or an offer to the public of engineering or surveying services, as prohibited by this Chapter. The engineering and surveying services may not be offered, performed, or rendered independently from the primary services rendered by the person. ... Engineering or surveying activities performed pursuant to this subdivision, where the safety of the public is directly involved, shall be under the responsible charge of a licensed professional engineer or licensed professional surveyor. | Yes | No |
| industrial | N.C.G.S. 89C-25(8) (8) The (i) preparation of fire sprinkler planning and design drawings by a fire sprinkler contractor licensed under Article 2 of Chapter 87 of the General Statutes, or (ii) the performance of internal engineering or survey work by a manufacturing or communications common carrier company, or by a research and development company, or by employees of those corporations provided that the work is in connection with, or incidental to products of, or nonengineering services rendered by those corporations or their affiliates. | No | No | |
| North Dakota | industrial | NDCC § 43-19.1-29(4) 4. The practice of engineering or land surveying by any individual regularly employed to perform engineering services solely for that individual's employer or for a subsidiary or affiliated corporation or limited liability company of that individual's employer, providing the services performed are in connection with the property, products, or services of that individual's employer, unless the board determines the property, products, or services are of a unique type requiring registration to protect the public. | No | No |
| Northern Mariana Islands | Government officers and employees (federal and Commonwealth) | 4 CMC § 3213; restated at NMIAC § 125-20.1-025(a)-(b) The following persons are exempted from this Chapter: (a) Persons practicing professional engineering, architecture, land surveying, landscape architecture or real property appraisal solely as officers or employees of the United States government. (b) Persons practicing professional engineering, architecture, land surveying, landscape architecture or real property appraisal solely as officers or employees of the Commonwealth government during the terms of office or employment of such persons. | No | No |
| Apprentices, trainees and helpers under supervision | 4 CMC § 3109; restated at NMIAC § 125-20.1-025(c) Notwithstanding section 3101, the hiring of unlicensed apprentices, trainees or helpers is not prohibited so long as they practice under the general supervision of a licensee which licensee is ultimately responsible for the work product of such apprentice, trainee or helper. | Yes | No | |
| Small privately owned one-storied structures costing $50,000 or less | 4 CMC § 3222 The provisions of this Chapter, shall not apply to work in respect to any privately owned or privately controlled one-storied building, dwelling or structure, the estimated cost of which does not exceed $50,000; provided, that such building, dwelling or structure meets all the requirements of the CNMI Building Code and other applicable CNMI Laws. | No | Yes | |
| Ohio | industrial | ORC § 4733.18(B)(2) (effective December 29, 2023) This chapter does not require registration for the purpose of practicing professional engineering, or professional surveying by an individual, firm, or corporation on property owned or leased by that individual, firm, or corporation unless the same involves the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, health, or property, or for the performance of engineering or surveying which relates solely to the design or fabrication of manufactured products. | No | No |
| Oregon | industrial | ORS 672.060(2) (2) The performance of engineering work by an employee, sole proprietorship, firm, partnership or corporation: (a) On property owned or leased by the employer, sole proprietorship, firm, partnership or corporation, or on property in which the employer … has an interest, estate or possessory right; and (b) That affects exclusively the property or interests of the employer … unless the performance affects the health or safety of the public or an employee. | No | No |
| in house employee | ORS 672.060(3) (3) The performance of engineering work by a person, or by full-time employees of the person, if: (a) The engineering work is in connection with or incidental to the operations of the person; and (b) The engineering work is not offered directly to the public. | No | No | |
| Pennsylvania | public utility | Act § 5(d) (63 P.S. § 152) (d) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g) of this section, the practice of engineering or land surveying by a regular employe of a public utility company, as defined by the Public Utility Code (66 Pa.C.S. § 101 et seq.) in connection with the facilities of such public utility, which are subject to regulation by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission: Provided, That such public utility shall employ at least one professional engineer, as defined in this act, who shall be in responsible charge of such utility's engineering work… (excerpt — read the full section at the citation shown) | Yes | No |
| industrial | Act § 5(g) (63 P.S. § 152) (g) The practice of engineering, land surveying or geology work by a manufacturing, mining, communications common carrier, research and development or other industrial corporation or by employes of such corporation, provided such work is in connection with or incidental to products of, or non-engineering services rendered by, such corporation or its affiliates. | No | No | |
| industrial | Act § 5(f) (63 P.S. § 152) (f) The practice of engineering, land surveying or geology by any person or by any employe of any copartnership, association or corporation upon property owned by such person or such copartnership, association or corporation, unless such practice affects the public safety or health or the property of some other person or entity. | No | No | |
| Puerto Rico | government federal | Ley 173-1988 Art. 33 (Interpretacion); renumbered as Art. 33 by Ley 185-1997 sec. 34. Not separately codified with its own 20 L.P.R.A. section number in the compilation consulted. Esta Ley [20 LPRA secs. 711 a 711z] no se interpretará al efecto de impedir o en alguna forma redundar en perjuicio de la práctica de cualesquiera otras profesiones u oficios reconocidos legalmente o de que oficiales y empleados del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América, mientras estén ocupados en el Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico en la práctica de la ingeniería, arquitectura, arquitectura paisajista o agrimensura, efectúen trabajos oficiales de, y para, dicho gobierno exclusivamente, pero no podrán dedicarse a ninguna clase de práctica fuera de las antes autorizadas, a menos que cumplan con los requisitos de esta Ley [20 LPRA secs. 711 a 711z]. | No | No |
| in house institutional practice | Ley 173-1988 Art. 4(e) (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711b(e)), 'Limitaciones en el ejercicio de los Ingenieros Asociados'; added by Ley 180-2007 art. 3, effective December 31, 2007 (e) “Limitaciones en el ejercicio de los Ingenieros Asociados”, los Ingenieros Asociados estarán autorizados a practicar su profesión institucionalmente. Esto es, solamente podrán prestar sus servicios profesionales y de supervisión como parte de sus labores, dentro de un marco organizacional privado o gubernamental, donde no tengan responsabilidad significativa por servicios profesionales prestados directamente al público. Podrán supervisar el trabajo de Ingenieros en Entrenamiento y certificar la experiencia de éstos ante la Junta. No podrán prestar servicios de certificación de planos, diseños o mediciones en Ingeniería o Arquitectura, directamente al público ni ejercer funciones reservadas a Ingenieros Licenciados, según otras disposiciones de esta Ley. | Yes | No | |
| nonresident specialist special license | Ley 173-1988 Art. 27 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711s-1), 'Licencias especiales'; added by Ley 185-1997 sec. 28 La Junta podrá expedir licencias especiales a un profesional especialista que no tenga domicilio y que posea licencia del territorio o país de procedencia, siempre y cuando éste cumpla con los siguientes requisitos: (1) Ser socio de una corporación profesional donde su socio gestor designado, practique en Puerto Rico, pertenezca a la misma corporación profesional, que esté debidamente colegiado, y que practique la misma profesión a la cual se adjudica la especialización del solicitante de la licencia especial. (2) Que el socio de la corporación profesional que sea su socio designado y gestor expida una declaración jurada a los efectos que realizó la gestión y esfuerzo de reclutamiento, y confrontó dificultades en contratar un especialista en la materia de especialización en Puerto Rico. (3) El profesional especialista someterá a la Junta una declaración jurada a los efectos de estar acreditado en su lugar de origen, que sea de una reputación honrosa y certifique no haber violado las leyes o cánones de ética que regulan la profesión, ni estar siendo investigado por éstos u otros motivos similares, y que obedecerá las leyes y reglamentos de la profesión y las leyes de Puerto Rico. (4) El socio gestor designado estará obligado a informar a la Junta la terminación de la obra o proyecto por el cual se requirió la expedición de la licencia especial. (5) La licencia especial durará un término de un año, a partir de la fecha de expedición de la misma. De continuar el proyecto u obra, el profesional especialista vendrá obligado a solicitar una nueva licencia especial por un nuevo término de un año. | Yes | No | |
| Rhode Island | public utility | R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-8-21(5) (5) Railroad, telephone, telegraph, and other public utility companies. The practice of engineering, as prescribed in this chapter, by railroad, telephone, telegraph, and other public utility companies, and their officers and employees while engaged in the work of those companies in this state; provided, that the practice is carried on under the responsible charge of an engineer or engineers in this state, or in any other state under requirements equivalent to those prescribed in this chapter; provided that all plans for natural gas infrastructure, including, but not limited to, repairs, maintenance, and construction, shall be built in accordance with design plans and specifications approved by a Rhode Island registered professional engineer when the work could pose a material risk to public safety; and provided, that no right to practice engineering accrues to any unregistered person as to any other engineering work. | Yes | No |
| South Carolina | public utility | S.C. Code Ann. § 40-22-280(A)(5) (5) the work or practice of a full-time, non-temporary employee of a public utility, a telephone utility, or an electrical utility by rendering to the employing company engineering service in connection with its facilities which are subject to regulation, supervision, and control in order to safeguard life, health, and property by the Public Service Commission of this State, so long as the person is actually and exclusively employed. Engineering work not related to the exemption in this item where the safety of the public is directly involved must be accomplished by or under the responsible charge of a professional engineer | Yes | No |
| industrial | S.C. Code Ann. § 40-22-280(A)(10) does not apply … to engineering services offered to the public. | not established | No | |
| South Dakota | in house employee | SDCL 36-18A-9(5) Any full-time employee of a corporation, partnership, firm, business entity, or public utility while exclusively doing work for the corporation, partnership, firm, business entity, or public utility, if the work performed is in connection with the property, products, and services utilized by the employer and not for any corporation, partnership, firm, or business entity practicing or offering to practice architectural, engineering, landscape architecture, or land surveying services to the public. The provisions of this subdivision do not apply to any building or structure if the primary use is occupancy by the public | No | No |
| Tennessee | other | T.C.A. § 62-2-102(a) (a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (d), nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring registration for the purpose of practicing architecture, engineering or landscape architecture by a person; provided, that the person does not use the appellation 'architect,' 'engineer' or 'landscape architect,' an appellation that compounds, modifies or qualifies the word 'architecture,' 'engineering' or 'landscape architecture,' or that gives or is designed to give the impression that the person using those words is an architect, engineer or landscape architect. | No | Yes |
| subprofessional | T.C.A. § 62-2-103(1) (1) Any person engaging in architectural, engineering or landscape architectural work as an employee of a registered architect, registered engineer or registered landscape architect; provided, that such work may not include responsible charge of design or supervision | Yes | No | |
| in house employee | T.C.A. § 62-2-103(3) (3) Architects, engineers or landscape architects who are employed by a person, firm or corporation not engaged in the practice of architecture, engineering, or landscape architecture and who render architectural, engineering or landscape architectural services to their employer only and not to the general public; and | No | No | |
| public utility | T.C.A. § 62-2-103(4) (4) Architects, engineers or landscape architects who are employed by a municipal electric system or electric and community service cooperative as defined in § 65-34-102 or telephone cooperatives as defined in title 65, chapter 29... | not established | No | |
| other | T.C.A. § 62-2-103(2) (2) Architects, engineers or landscape architects who are not residents of and have no established place of business in this state, who are acting as consulting associates of an architect, engineer or landscape architect registered under this chapter... | not established | Yes | |
| Texas | industrial | Tex. Occ. Code § 1001.057 § 1001.057. EMPLOYEE OF PRIVATE CORPORATION OR BUSINESS ENTITY. (a) This chapter shall not be construed to apply to the activities of a private corporation or other business entity, or the activities of the full-time employees or other personnel under the direct supervision and control of the business entity, on or in connection with: (1) reasonable modifications to existing buildings, facilities, or other fixtures to real property not accessible to the general public and which are owned, leased, or otherwise occupied by the entity; or (2) activities related only to the research, development, design, fabrication, production, assembly, integration, or service of products manufactured by the entity. (b) A person who claims an exemption under this section and who is determined to have directly or indirectly represented the person as legally qualified to engage in the practice of engineering or who is determined to have violated Section 1001.301 may not claim an exemption until the 10th anniversary of the date the person made that representation. ... (d) For purposes of this section, 'products manufactured by the entity' also includes computer software, firmware, hardware, semiconductor devices, and the production, exploration, and transportation of oil and gas and related products. | No | No |
| public utility | Tex. Occ. Code § 1001.058 § 1001.058. EMPLOYEE OF CERTAIN UTILITIES OR AFFILIATES. (a) A regular full-time employee of a privately owned public utility or cooperative utility or of the utility's affiliate is exempt from the licensing requirements of this chapter if the employee: (1) performs services exclusively for the utility or affiliate; and (2) does not have the final authority to approve, or the ultimate responsibility for, engineering designs, plans, or specifications that are to be: (A) incorporated into fixed works, systems, or facilities on the property of others; or (B) made available to the public. | No | No | |
| United States Virgin Islands | government federal and territorial | 27 V.I.C. sec. 291(5) (Exemptions; temporary permits) (5) The practice of architecture, engineering, or land surveying by officers and employees of the Government of the United States or of the Virgin Islands Government for such Government. | No | No |
| employee subordinate | 27 V.I.C. sec. 291(3) (3) The work of an employee or subordinate of a person holding an unexpired license under this chapter; provided that such work does not include final designs or decisions and is done under the direct supervision of and checked by a person licensed under this chapter. | Yes | No | |
| practice through business entity | 27 V.I.C. sec. 291(4) (4) The practice of architecture, engineering, or land surveying, by individual licensees through a partnership, joint stock company, or corporation, as agents, employees, officers, or partners; provided that they shall be individually liable for their professional acts; and further provided that all personnel of such partnership, joint stock company, or corporation, who act in its behalf as architects, engineers, or land surveyors are licensed under this chapter. Each partnership, joint stock company, or corporation providing architectural, engineering, or land survey services shall be jointly and severally liable with such individual licensees, and all final plans, specifications, reports, maps, plats, surveys, and other documents involving architectural, engineering, or land surveying work, when issued, shall be dated and shall bear the seals and signatures of the architect, engineer, or land surveyor who prepared them; Provided, however, That nothing contained in this section shall be deemed to constitute such a partnership, joint stock company, or corporation if a person sells skills or services on an individual and personal basis, within the meaning of section 43(a) of Title 33 of the Virgin Islands Code. | Yes | Yes | |
| incidental cross discipline | 27 V.I.C. sec. 291(7) (and its mirror image for architects at sec. 291(6)) (7) The doing of any architectural or land surveying work by an engineer which is incidental to his practice of engineering. | Yes | Yes | |
| draftsman incidental | 27 V.I.C. sec. 291(8) (8) The making by a draftsman of plans or specifications for the incidental or occasional erection or construction of any building or enlargement or alteration thereof unless the same adversely affects the public safety or health or the property of some other person. | No | Yes | |
| no industrial or utility exemption | 27 V.I.C. sec. 291, opening clause and paragraphs (1)-(2) [both Repealed by Act No. 6697 (Nov. 23, 2004) sec. 4] Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to curtail or extend the rights of any other legally recognized profession or craft. This chapter may not be construed to prevent or curtail— (1) [Repealed.] (2) [Repealed.] | not established | not established | |
| Utah | industrial | Utah Code § 58-22-305(1)(f) an employee of a communications, utility, railroad, mining, petroleum, or manufacturing company, or an affiliate of such a company, if the professional engineering or professional structural engineering work is performed solely in connection with the products or systems of the company and is not offered directly to the public | No | No |
| other | Utah Code § 58-22-305(1)(i), (1)(j) (i) a person certified by the National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies at level III or IV in Water-Based System Layout, who submits a fire sprinkler system to the authority having jurisdiction, the fire code official, or the building official for approval; (j) a person certified by the National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies at level III or IV in Fire Alarm Systems, who submits a fire alarm system layout to the authority having jurisdiction, the fire code official, or the building official for approval | No | Yes | |
| Vermont | public utility | 26 V.S.A. § 1163(a)(5) an officer or employee of a corporation in interstate communications as defined in the act of Congress entitled 'Communications Act of 1934' or of a telephone company under the supervision and regulation of the Public Utility Commission | No | No |
| subprofessional | 26 V.S.A. § 1163(a)(6) an employee or subordinate of a professional engineer, provided the engineering work is done under the responsible charge of, and verified by, the professional engineer | Yes | No | |
| other | 26 V.S.A. § 1163(c)(1) engineering of a manufactured product | No | Yes | |
| Virginia | statutory definition carve-out (not an exemption section — written into the definition itself) | Va. Code Ann. § 54.1-400 (final sentence of the definition of "practice of engineering") The term "practice of engineering" shall not include the service or maintenance of existing electrical or mechanical systems. | No | Yes |
| employee working under a licensed professional | Va. Code Ann. § 54.1-401 ("Exemptions") text not captured | Yes | No | |
| owner or lessee on own property | Va. Code Ann. § 54.1-401 ("Exemptions") text not captured | No | No | |
| corporate employees — interstate commerce and regulated public utilities | Va. Code Ann. § 54.1-401(7) text not captured | No | No | |
| Washington | excepted services — eight numbered categories | RCW 18.43.130 ("Excepted services — Fees") This chapter shall not be construed to prevent or affect: | not established | No |
| in-house corporate employee | RCW 18.43.130 (employees serving their own corporation) text not captured | No | No | |
| West Virginia | other legally recognized profession | W. Va. Code § 30-13-24 ("Exemptions") text not captured | not established | not established |
| temporary permit for nonresident registered elsewhere | W. Va. Code § 30-13-24 ("Exemptions") text not captured | not established | Yes | |
| employees and subordinates under direct supervision; full-time employees serving only their own entity | W. Va. Code § 30-13-24 ("Exemptions") text not captured | Yes | No | |
| Wisconsin | exempt persons — 18 categories | Wis. Stat. § 443.14 ("Exempt persons") text not captured | not established | not established |
| public service company and its employees | Wis. Stat. § 443.14 (public service company category) text not captured | No | No | |
| Wyoming | PSC-regulated utility or telecommunications company and its employees | W.S. § 33-29-604(a)(iv) ("Exemptions and limitations") A utility company or telecommunications company regulated by the Wyoming public service commission or the company's employees practicing within the scope of their employment and authority | No | No |
| federal officers and employees | W.S. § 33-29-604 ("Exemptions and limitations") text not captured | not established | No | |
| state officers and employees performing regulatory reviews | W.S. § 33-29-604 ("Exemptions and limitations") text not captured | not established | No | |
| individuals working for a business entity or licensee under a licensee's responsible charge | W.S. § 33-29-604(a)(iii) text not captured | Yes | not established | |
| landowners performing certain survey acts on their own land; irrigation companies determining elevations to market equipment | W.S. § 33-29-604 ("Exemptions and limitations") text not captured | No | No |
Most licensing boards accept concerns from the public about engineering practice, and this is where each publishes its process. Not all of them do: Arizona bars the board from acting on a complaint unless the complainant has a contractual relationship with, or was directly injured by, the person complained of (A.R.S. § 32-106(C)) — read the standing entry for your jurisdiction before assuming you can file. The boards, not this site, decide what happens next.
Nothing here is legal advice, the authors are not attorneys, and this site takes no position on whether any particular firm or individual has violated any provision. Whether your identity is disclosed to the person or firm you name is governed by the statute of the jurisdiction you file in; read that entry before you file.
Whether your identity is disclosed to the person or firm you name depends on the statute of the jurisdiction you file in, and in many of them it is disclosed. Some boards will not investigate an anonymous complaint at all. Some are required to give the respondent notice, which in practice identifies the complainant. In others the file becomes a public record at some stage.
Of the 55 jurisdictions surveyed, 43 were established to disclose the complainant's identity to the respondent and 12 could not be established either way. Not one was established to withhold it. 31 refuse anonymous complaints outright; 17 accept them, several while warning they may not be investigated.
Where a cell reads not established, treat it as unknown and confirm with the board before filing — not as a promise of confidentiality. If you are considering filing against a current employer or client, this is the field to read first.
| Jurisdiction | How to raise a concern | Anonymous accepted | Identity disclosed to respondent | Authority |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Online. The board's Complaints page links to the LearningBuilder portal (https://bels.learningbuilder.com/account/login#showcomplaint). The board's guide 'How To File a Complaint & Check the Status' (rev. 8/8/25) directs the complainant to 'Click Register Now' and 'Enter your email, name, contact information and set up a password', then confirm the e-mail address before a complaint can be entered. Ala. Admin. Code r. 330-X-16-.01(1) requires the complaint to be 'submitted in a format provided by the Board'.Anyone. Ala. Admin. Code r. 330-X-16-.01: 'Upon receipt of a signed complaint from any person...'. The board may also initiate a complaint on its own motion under r. 330-X-16-.01(2). The board's FAQ confirms a complaint may be filed while litigation is pending or anticipated ('Yes.'). The board has no jurisdiction over boundary/property-line disputes. | No No, for a complaint filed by a member of the public. Ala. Admin. Code r. 330-X-16-.01(1) requires the complaint to contain '(a) Name and address of the complaining party' and '(c) The signature of the complainant', and the statute keys the board's response to 'a signed complaint'. The portal separately requires a registered account with a confirmed e-mail address. The board CAN act without a complainant under r. 330-X-16-.01(2), which lets the Board or board staff initiate a complaint themselves, so information given to the board anonymously is not necessarily wasted - it simply cannot proceed as that person's complaint. | Yes Treat your identity as known to the respondent. The complaint must carry your name, address and signature (r. 330-X-16-.01(1)); the board's 'Investigative Process' trifold says that on receipt 'An email is sent to the Complainant acknowledging receipt of the complaint and to the Subject notifying them of the complaint,' and that 'The complainant, Subject and witnesses are interviewed'; and r. 330-X-16-.04 permits pre-hearing discovery. SCOPE OF WHAT IS NOT ESTABLISHED: the board does not state that the complaint DOCUMENT itself is served on the respondent. The charging document under r. 330-X-16-.03 is drafted by board counsel and contains 'a short and plain statement of the matters asserted', not necessarily your filing. | Ala. Code s 34-11-37(e) ('Records and reports; confidentiality') and Ala. Admin. Code r. 330-X-1-.11(1), both read in the board's own published compilation, STATE OF ALABAMA Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors, Law and Code (2025 ed.), https://bels.alabama.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2025-LawandCode.pdf Confidential unless formal disciplinary action is taken. Complaints and investigative files are non-public both while pending and after closure where no formal discipline results; the results of disciplinary hearings, consent orders and final orders are public. |
| Alaska | Written, sworn charge filed with the board's investigator. AS 08.48.121 requires the charge to be 'in writing and sworn to by the person making it.' The Division's Investigations Section is the intake point; a search-result summary of the Investigations page (the page itself could not be opened - see gaps) gives investigations@alaska.gov, 550 West 7th Avenue, Suite 1500, Anchorage, AK 99501-3567, phone (907) 269-8124. TREAT THE INTAKE MECHANICS AS UNVERIFIED; the statutory requirement is verified.Board site blocks automated checks; this link could not be machine-verified.Anyone. AS 08.48.121: 'Any person may file with the investigator of the board a charge of fraud, deceit, gross negligence, incompetence, misconduct, or violation of this chapter, a regulation adopted under it, or the code of ethics of the board.' There is no standing requirement, but the charge must be sworn. | No No. Alaska is the only jurisdiction in this batch that requires the complaint to be SWORN. AS 08.48.121 makes the charge an accusation under the Administrative Procedure Act and requires it to be 'sworn to by the person making it', which cannot be satisfied anonymously. This is a statutory bar established from the board's own published statute compilation, not an inference from an online form. | Yes Follows from the form of the filing rather than from a disclosure policy: the charge is a sworn accusation under AS 44.62 (Administrative Procedure Act), and an APA accusation is the charging document served on the respondent in the resulting proceeding. The board does not publish a separate statement on complainant identity, and the Division's own pages could not be opened (see gaps), so the routine pre-hearing practice is not established. | AS 08.48.071(d) ('Records and reports'), read in the board's own published compilation, State of Alaska, Statutes and Regulations: Architects, Engineers, Land Surveyors, and Landscape Architects, https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/5/pub/aelsstatutesregs.pdf Confidential while the investigation is pending; the confidentiality is tied to pendency, so it lapses when the investigation concludes rather than at a probable-cause finding or final action. |
| Arizona | Online only, through the Board's complaint portal at https://azbtr.portalus.thentiacloud.net/webs/portal/complaint/#/login. The Board's page: 'Please submit your complaint through the Board's online complaint portal. You will need to create a login.' The submission requires jurisdiction questions, a written statement, the allegation, identification of the respondent, uploaded evidence, and witness contact information. The Board warns not to send original documents: submissions 'become part of the investigation file and will not be returned.'RESTRICTED BY STATUTE - Arizona is the only jurisdiction in this batch with a real standing bar. A.R.S. s 32-106(C): the Board may investigate and act 'only if the complainant either: 1. Currently has a contractual relationship with the person who is the subject of the complaint or had a contractual relationship with the person at the time of the alleged misconduct. 2. Was harmed by the alleged misconduct or possesses firsthand knowledge of the alleged misconduct.' 'Firsthand knowledge' is defined to include 'knowledge of the outcome of the misconduct, witnessed by a person with relevant professional experience in the course of that person's contractual duties with the harmed individual.' A disinterested engineer who merely reviewed a public filing does not plainly qualify. | No No, and Arizona goes further than refusal - it makes the complainant's name public. The Board devotes a page section to the question ('Can a complaint be submitted anonymously?') and answers it by quoting A.R.S. s 41-1010, which compels name disclosure and then makes that name a public record during the investigation, subject only to a substantial-harm exception the agency decides. | Yes Yes, and by two independent routes. (1) The Board's published complaint process: 'The investigator will provide notice of the complaint to the respondent and the respondent will have the opportunity to provide a response to the allegations,' and 'The investigator will interview the alleger, respondent, and any witnesses and collect evidence for the investigation file.' (2) A.R.S. s 32-129(B) gives the registrant a right of access: 'the registrant shall be informed of and have access to the complaint and investigative assessments.' | A.R.S. s 32-129(B) ('Confidentiality'), https://www.azleg.gov/ars/32/00129.htm ; A.R.S. s 41-1010 ('Complaints; public record'), https://www.azleg.gov/ars/41/01010.htm ; A.R.S. s 32-106(C), https://www.azleg.gov/ars/32/00106.htm . All three read in full on azleg.gov. Two-track, and the tracks point opposite ways. The investigation FILE is confidential until the matter is final, a hearing notice issues, or it settles by consent order (A.R.S. s 32-129(B)); but the COMPLAINANT'S NAME is a public record during the investigation (A.R.S. s 41-1010). The existence and general nature of an investigation are public throughout. |
| Arkansas | Written complaint on the board's form, which may be downloaded or requested by e-mail, fax or USPS (Word and PDF). NOTE: the former board domain https://www.pels.arkansas.gov/complaints/ now 301-redirects to the Department of Labor and Licensing landing page and must not be published as the complaint link.Anyone. Board Rules Art. 15.A: 'Any person, including, the Director of the Board, may file a written complaint.' | No NOT ADDRESSED BY THE BOARD (this is board silence, not a failure to reach the source: the board's Complaint & Enforcement page and Art. 15 of its rules were both read and neither mentions anonymous complaints). What IS established is that the rules require a WRITTEN complaint and that a copy is served on the respondent, which leaves little practical room for anonymity. | Yes The respondent is mailed a copy of the complaint itself - not a board-drafted summary - so a signed complaint reaches the respondent with the complainant named. Board Rules Art. 15.A. | Ark. Code s 25-19-105(b) (Arkansas FOIA, 'Examination and copying of public records'), read in full at https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-25/chapter-19/section-25-19-105/ ; Rules of the Board, Art. 15, 235.01.20 Ark. Code R. s 004, https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/235-01-20-Ark-Code-R-SS-004 Likely PUBLIC, and Arkansas is the outlier of this batch. No confidentiality provision appears in the board's own rules, and no exemption covering professional-licensing-board complaint or investigation files appears anywhere in the Arkansas FOIA exemption list. |
| California | Online only, through the board's Connect portal. Instructions page: https://www.bpelsg.ca.gov/consumers/complaint_licensee.shtml - 'To file a complaint with this Board, use the NEW Online Complaint Submittal portal.' NOTE: on 2026-08-20 the board's site carried a banner reading 'Connect is temporarily undergoing system maintenance.'Not restricted on the board's page. | not establishedNOT ADDRESSED BY THE BOARD (board silence - the complaint page was read in full). The page does warn that 'The Board does not have the staff to investigate inquiries based only upon suspicion or speculation' and asks for names, addresses and telephone numbers of other persons who know about the situation. | not established — assume it may beNOT ADDRESSED BY THE BOARD (board silence - the complaint page was read in full and does not say whether the licensee learns who complained). | Cal. Gov. Code s 7923.600(a) (California Public Records Act), read in full at https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV§ionNum=7923.600 Not required to be disclosed. Complaints to, and investigatory files compiled by, a state agency for licensing purposes fall within the CPRA exemption. Accusations and final disciplinary decisions are published separately by the board. |
| Colorado | Online through DORA Online Services, or a paper 'Non-Healthcare Related Complaint Form' mailed to the Division. Instructions page: https://dpo.colorado.gov/FileComplaintAnyone; a complaint may be filed on your own behalf or for another person (a Power of Attorney submission is requested when filing for someone else). Note the asymmetry in C.R.S. s 12-120-207(2): the board MAY investigate on its own motion, but is only REQUIRED to investigate 'upon the receipt of a signed complaint in writing from any person'. | YesAccepted but discouraged, and the statute contemplates them expressly. The Division: 'Although anonymous complaints are accepted, we encourage you to provide your contact information to help us thoroughly address the complaint. If we don't have enough information, the board or program may dismiss your complaint if they are unable to contact you for additional information, if needed.' C.R.S. s 12-20-403(5) legislates around anonymous complaints (mandating automatic dismissal of anonymous complaints arising from a licensee's conduct as an elected official or board/commission member), which presupposes they are otherwise received. But an anonymous complaint does not trigger the board's MANDATORY duty to investigate under s 12-120-207(2), which attaches only to a signed written complaint. | Yes Colorado is the most explicit of the fourteen. Everything the complainant submits goes to the respondent, and the complaint cannot be withdrawn once filed: 'A complaint once it has been filed cannot be withdrawn and your case will proceed until its conclusion.' | Colorado Division of Professions and Occupations, 'File a Complaint' (https://dpo.colorado.gov/FileComplaint), Complaint FAQ; with C.R.S. s 12-120-207 (engineers - disciplinary proceedings) and C.R.S. s 12-20-403 read at Justia. The Division attributes its non-release rule to 'Colorado law' without citing a section, and no section imposing that specific bar was located (see gaps). Disciplinary outcomes are public; complaints closed without public discipline are not released. |
| Connecticut | Online through eLicense, or the General Consumer Complaint Form by mail, e-mail (dcp.complaints@ct.gov) or fax (860-707-1966). Instructions page: https://portal.ct.gov/dcp/file-a-complaint. The State Board of Examiners for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors sits within the Department of Consumer Protection, which handles complaint intake for its boards.Not restricted. Conn. Gen. Stat. s 21a-11(a)(8) requires the department to receive complaints about licensed practice and about unauthorized practice. | YesNOT ADDRESSED. Neither the DCP complaint pages nor Conn. Gen. Stat. ss 21a-2 or 21a-11 (both read in full in Chapter 416) mention anonymous complaints. This is source silence, not an access failure. | Yes UNRESOLVED. The statute authorizes notice of the ALLEGATIONS to the respondent but does not say the complainant is named. Conn. Gen. Stat. s 21a-2(b): 'the department may notify, in writing, the respondent against whom a complaint was received of the allegations against them and require a written response be provided to the department not later than thirty days of receipt of such notice.' Note 'may', not 'shall'. | Conn. Gen. Stat. ss 21a-2 and 21a-11, read at https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_416.htm - cited for the notice-to-respondent point ONLY. Neither section addresses confidentiality, and neither should be cited as if it did. UNRESOLVED - and this is the weakest row in the batch. No confidentiality provision for DCP licensing-complaint files was found in Conn. Gen. Stat. Ch. 416 (ss 21a-1 to 21a-12b) or Ch. 391 (professional engineers and land surveyors), both of which were read. The controlling answer therefore turns on the Connecticut FOIA, Conn. Gen. Stat. s 1-210(b), which was NOT read this session. Do not publish a stage for Connecticut. |
| Delaware | Downloadable PDF complaint form (https://www.dape.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/DAPE-Consumer-Complaint-Form.pdf), completed and submitted in writing to the DAPE office. The form (rev. 6/18/19) asks for complainant name, address and telephone, the subject's details, witnesses, details of the complaint, and ends with 'Signature of Complainant'.'Any identified member of the public or of the Association' may file. Standing is not limited to an injured party, but the filer must be identified. | No Refused, and stated as a legal bar rather than a preference: 'DAPE is prohibited by law from investigating anonymous complaints so please make sure you fully fill out the form.' | Yes The statute permits the investigating committee to discuss the investigation with 'the target of the investigation, or the target's legal representative', and DAPE warns that on a warranted complaint the complainant's name may become available under Delaware's Freedom of Information Act. | 24 Del. C. s 2824(b)(1) and 24 Del. C. s 2828(b)(2), read at https://delcode.delaware.gov/title24/c028/index.html Not public while pending. Records relating to charges that could lead to discipline are excluded from the FOIA definition of public records; DAPE nonetheless warns that names may become available if a complaint is found warranted. |
| District of Columbia | Online form. dlcp.dc.gov labels this same form both 'File a Complaint/Report a Business' and 'Occupational and Professional Licensing Complaint Form'; the D.C. Board of Professional Engineering sits within DLCP's Occupational and Professional Licensing administration. DLCP also offers a 'File or Track a Complaint with Professional Licensing' entry point.Not restricted. D.C. Code s 47-2853.08(6) empowers each board to 'Receive complaints of malpractice or other complaints against any persons licensed, certified, or registered under the jurisdiction of the board'. | No NOT ADDRESSED by DLCP or by D.C. Code subchapter I-B. The complaint form is served from a third-party helpdesk platform (dcra.kustomer.help) whose body text is rendered client-side and did not yield readable field labels to automated retrieval, so the form's own requirements were not inspected. | not established — assume it may beUNRESOLVED. No provision on complainant identity was located in D.C. Code subchapter I-B, whose full section list (ss 47-2853.01 through 47-2853.30) was read. | D.C. Code s 47-2853.21(c) and s 47-2853.08(6) (subchapter I-B, read at https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/titles/47/chapters/28/subchapters/I-B ); D.C. Code s 2-534(a)(3) (D.C. FOIA), https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/2-534 . The FOIA section is cited as the only candidate provision located, NOT as an established answer. UNRESOLVED, but narrowed. The full section list of D.C. Code Title 47, Ch. 28, Subchapter I-B was read; the ONLY confidentiality clause in that subchapter is s 47-2853.21(c), and it is limited to voluntary limitation or surrender of a license - it does not reach complaint or investigation files. The fallback is therefore the general D.C. FOIA investigatory-records exemption, which is CONDITIONAL on a showing of harm rather than keyed to a stage of the case. Whether DLCP invokes it for engineering complaints was not established. |
| Florida | Downloadable PDF form, linked from that page as 'FBPE COMPLAINT FORM' (https://fbpe.org/download/38659/), completed in Adobe Reader rather than a browser, and submitted with supporting documentation to the Board's Legal Department by mail or e-mail.'Any member of the public may file a complaint.' The Board notes complaints commonly come from consumers, building officials, engineers, contractors, surveyors and architects. | YesAccepted, backed by statute, but conditional. The Board states plainly: 'The Board does accept anonymous complaints,' while encouraging a name because investigators cannot seek clarification and the complainant gets no notice of the outcome. Fla. Stat. s 455.225(1)(a) PERMITS but does not require investigation of an anonymous complaint - it must be in writing, legally sufficient, allege a SUBSTANTIAL violation, and survive a preliminary inquiry. A complaint that triggers the mandatory duty to investigate must be 'in writing, signed by the complainant, and legally sufficient.' | Yes Reaches the respondent by a statutory right of file inspection: after the investigation is complete the subject may, on written request, inspect or receive a copy of the investigative file, which contains the complaint. Florida separately grants the complainant a privilege against civil liability under s 455.225 absent bad faith or malice. | Fla. Stat. s 455.225(1)(a) and s 455.225(10), read in full at http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0400-0499/0455/Sections/0455.225.html Confidential and exempt from the public records act until 10 days after a probable cause finding, or earlier if the subject waives confidentiality. The exemption does NOT apply to actions against unlicensed persons. |
| Georgia | Online only, through GOALS (Georgia Online Licensing System). The Secretary of State: 'Complaints must be submitted in writing, online.' The complaint must include 'Your name, address, telephone number, and email address', the name and address of the person or facility being reported and their license number, a detailed description of the violation, and supporting documents. Instructions page: https://sos.ga.gov/page/how-submit-licensing-complaintNot restricted. O.C.G.A. s 43-1-19(h)(5) contemplates 'a member of the public' filing a complaint. | No RESOLVED AS DISCRETIONARY - not a gap. The Secretary of State's own page states: 'Boards reserve the right to not accept or process anonymous complaints.' That is neither a flat acceptance nor a flat bar: a board may refuse an anonymous complaint at its discretion. Recorded as null because neither true nor false represents the stated position. The online form separately requires the complainant's name, address, telephone and e-mail, so the ordinary route is not anonymous. | Yes Conditional on the case reaching a hearing, and the state says so plainly: 'If a hearing is conducted, the complainant (you) may be called upon to testify, and your identity as a complainant may become known.' SCOPE: the state does NOT say the complainant is named to the respondent at intake or during the investigation, and its investigative-file rule (below) cuts the other way. A Georgia complainant is more shielded pre-hearing than in Colorado or Hawaii, and equally exposed if the matter is tried. | O.C.G.A. s 43-1-19(h)(2), read at https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-43/chapter-1/section-43-1-19/ ; and the Georgia Secretary of State, 'How To Submit A Licensing Complaint' (https://sos.ga.gov/page/how-submit-licensing-complaint), read in full. Closed, and Georgia's rule is the strongest in this batch. The Secretary of State: 'Complaints and all information about the complaint are not subject to open records request and are strictly confidential.' Investigative records are not released for any purpose other than a hearing before the board and are not even subject to subpoena, with a carve-out only for other enforcement agencies and licensing authorities. There is no stage at which the investigative file opens to the public. |
| Guam | Downloadable PDF complaint form (https://peals.guam.gov/sites/default/files/apps_complaint-form.pdf, verified 200), completed and returned to the Guam Board of Registration for Professional Engineers, Architects and Land Surveyors. The board directs complainants to call (671) 646-3113 first to verify the case is within its jurisdiction. The form is signed under penalty of perjury but is NOT notarized. No online submission.Anyone. The board states it 'has the authority to investigate complaints against an engineer, architect, land surveyor, business firm or unlicensed individual'; no affected-party requirement appears on the page or the form. | No Not accommodated. The complaint form requires the complainant's printed name, street address, city/state/zip, daytime and evening telephone, and a signature under a perjury declaration. The board does not use the word 'anonymous', so this is an inference from the form's mandatory identification and signature fields rather than a stated refusal. | Yes Effectively yes, once the complaint is found to have merit: the complainant signs an agreement 'that all documents in this complaint will be a public record once the complaint is deemed to have merit,' and the complaint form itself carries the complainant's name and address. | 22 GCA Sec. 32110(d) (Records and Reports), Chapter 32, The Professional Engineers, Architects and Land Surveyors Law; together with the declaration on the Board's own complaint form. Confidential while an investigation is pending, public once the complaint is deemed to have merit. 22 GCA Sec. 32110(d) classifies 'investigation files where any investigation is still pending' as confidential and not public records; the board's own complaint form declaration converts the file to a public record on a merit determination. |
| Hawaii | Online formal complaint, or a signed PDF 'RICO Complaint Form' (https://cca.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RICO-COMPLAINT-FORM-1-28-2026.pdf) mailed in. Instructions page: https://cca.hawaii.gov/rico/file/. A separate, lower-threshold route exists for unlicensed activity: the Unlicensed Activity Tip form at https://web2.dcca.hawaii.gov/tip/. Complaints against professional engineers go to the Regulated Industries Complaints Office, not to the licensing board directly.Anyone. RICO distinguishes a 'Complaining Witness' from an 'Anonymous Reporting Witness'; neither is limited to an injured party. | YesAccepted, formally named as a role, and with a stated cost: 'Anonymous Reporting Witness. These are persons who file a complaint or report unlicensed activity but choose not to disclose their identity, or decline to be affiliated with a complaint. Anonymous Reporting Witness do not receive updates on the matter.' A signature is required on the standard form: 'A signature is needed. Review carefully and then date and sign the complaint form.' | Yes Hawaii states this outright, which is rare, and repeats the warning on the face of the form. A named complainant should expect the respondent to learn who they are and what they alleged. | Hawaii DCCA Regulated Industries Complaints Office, FAQs (https://cca.hawaii.gov/rico/faqs/) and the RICO Complaint Form (rev. 1-28-2026), both read in full. Statutory backstop is HRS s 92F-13 (Uniform Information Practices Act exceptions), read at https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol02_Ch0046-0115/HRS0092F/HRS_0092F-0013.htm - but s 92F-13 is a general exceptions provision that does NOT name licensing complaints, and no RICO-specific statute was located. Supporting records are not made public unless disclosure is required by law or aids enforcement; the complainant's identity and allegations nonetheless go to the respondent. Final adverse decisions are published. |
| Idaho | Online complaint through the DOPL online services portal. Instructions page: https://dopl.idaho.gov/investigation-and-disciplinary-process/. The Idaho Board of Licensure of Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors is administered by the Division of Occupational and Professional Licenses.Anyone. DOPL: 'An initial complaint can be filed with the Division by anyone, including members of the public, the licensee's clients, co-workers, or other licensees.' | not establishedNOT ADDRESSED by DOPL (source silence - the investigation-and-disciplinary-process page was read in full and does not mention anonymous complaints). | not established — assume it may beUNRESOLVED. DOPL says only that 'The investigator may contact you about the complaint'; it does not say whether the licensee is told who complained. | Idaho Code s 74-106(9) (Idaho Public Records Act), read at https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title74/T74CH1/SECT74-106/ Exempt while the matter is an inquiry into fitness; final disciplinary action is public. DOPL: 'The Stipulation and Consent Order is a final disciplinary action and therefore is a public record.' Note two qualifications in the statute: the exemption yields to a contrary agency rule, and the agency must publish an annual statistical summary of matters considered and their disposition. |
| Illinois | Online complaint form, or the print-and-fill PDF (https://idfpr.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/idfpr/admin/dpr/f1717proreg.pdf) sent to the Division of Professional Regulation Complaint Intake Unit. Instructions page: https://idfpr.illinois.gov/admin/dpr/dprcomplaint.html. The Illinois engineering board is within IDFPR's Division of Professional Regulation.Not restricted: 'Complaints against any individual or entity regulated by the Division of Professional Regulation may be filed by contacting the Complaint Intake Unit.' | YesNOT ADDRESSED by IDFPR (source silence - the complaint page was read in full). The page does show a tolerance for incomplete data about the RESPONDENT (it instructs filers to enter '111-111-1111' for an unknown phone number), which says nothing about the complainant. | not established — assume it may beUNRESOLVED. 20 ILCS 2105/2105-117 bars the Department from disclosing complaint information to anyone outside a short list - law enforcement, other regulators with an appropriate regulatory interest, the Office of the Executive Inspector General, and a party presenting a lawful subpoena. The respondent is not on that list, but the statute is drafted as a public-disclosure bar and does not squarely address what the licensee is shown during the case. Do not read the omission as a guarantee of complainant anonymity. | 20 ILCS 2105/2105-117 (Department of Professional Regulation Law; 'Confidentiality'), read in full at https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/002021050K2105-117.htm (Source: P.A. 104-463, eff. 6-12-26). IDFPR quotes this statute on its own complaint page. Confidential by statute at every stage of the investigation. Only a FORMAL complaint filed by the Department, or an order issued by the Department, is a public record - not the citizen complaint that started it. |
| Indiana | Online form filed with the Indiana Attorney General, Consumer Protection Division, Licensing Enforcement (LE) unit; a printable PDF (https://www.in.gov/attorneygeneral/consumer-protection-division/files/Form_LE-Complaint-Form.pdf, verified 200) may be mailed instead. Complaints are NOT filed with the licensing board: the Attorney General screens and prosecutes, and the PLA board sits as adjudicator. Board landing page describing the route: https://www.in.gov/pla/licensure-discipline/report-a-professional/ (verified 200); AG page: https://www.in.gov/attorneygeneral/consumer-protection-division/licensing/ (verified 200).Any person. Ind. Code 25-1-7-4: 'Except for employees of the attorney general's office acting in their official capacity, a complaint may be filed by any person, including members of any of the entities described in IC 25-0.5-8.' The AG page repeats: 'Any person can file a complaint against a licensee pursuant to Ind. Code 25-1-7-4.' | No Statute requires a signature: Ind. Code 25-1-7-4, 'All complaints must be written and signed by the complainant and initially filed with the director.' The Attorney General states plainly: 'Licensing Enforcement cannot accept anonymous complaints. If you wish to remain anonymous, please contact the Indiana Professional Licensing Agency to file a complaint on your behalf. Please note that not providing your name or other identifiable information can limit the ability to thoroughly investigate your complaint.' That referral to PLA is the only anonymous route the state describes, and PLA would then be the named complainant. | Yes RESOLVED FROM THE FORM ITSELF, WHICH SAYS SO IN A BOLD NOTICE ABOVE THE FIRST FIELD. Licensing Enforcement Complaint, State Form 57267 (12-24): 'NOTICE: A copy of this complaint form will be submitted to the individual/business listed in Section 2. The Office of the Indiana Attorney General (OAG) cannot accept complaints from anonymous complainants. If you wish to remain anonymous, please contact the Indiana Professional Licensing Agency. Failure to provide your name or other identifiable information can limit the ability of OAG to thoroughly investigate complaints.' Section 2 is the respondent block and Section 1 requires the complainant's first and last name. Section 4 of the same form lists 'Engineering' as a profession checkbox, confirming this is the correct form for a complaint against a professional engineer. Ind. Code 25-1-7-10 seals the complaint from the PUBLIC until the AG files notice of intent to prosecute; it does not shield the complainant from the respondent, who is a party to the complaint. | Ind. Code 25-1-7-10 (Confidentiality of Complaints and Information); Ind. Code 25-1-7-4 (Complaints; Requisites; Standing) Confidential by statute from filing until the Attorney General files notice with the board of intent to prosecute; thereafter the administrative complaint and the board's hearing and final order are public. |
| Iowa | Online complaint form on the Iowa Professional Licensing Bureau portal (LicensedInIowa.gov). A written complaint on a board form may also be mailed to the board office. Iowa Admin. Code r. 193C-9.1(2) requires the complainant's full name, address and telephone number, the respondent's identifying details, a statement of facts, citation of the statutes and rules allegedly violated, supporting documentation, and any steps taken to resolve the dispute before filing.Anyone with knowledge of a possible violation. Iowa Admin. Code r. 193C-9.1(1): 'Complaints may be submitted to the board office via the board's website by members of the public, including clients, business organizations, nonprofit organizations, governmental bodies, licensees, or other individuals or entities with knowledge of possible violations of laws or rules by licensees.' | No The board's rules require the complainant to be named: Iowa Admin. Code r. 193C-9.1(2)(a) mandates 'The full name, address, and telephone number of complainant.' Neither the rules nor the portal states that anonymous complaints will be accepted or acted on. Complainants acting in good faith have civil immunity under Iowa Code section 272C.8 (r. 193C-9.1(6)). | Yes The complaint portal warns before submission: 'A copy of this complaint, in its entirety, may be given to the subject of the complaint. If confidentiality is important to you in filing this complaint, you should consult with the Bureau before filing this complaint.' Iowa Code 272C.6(4)(a) is consistent - the confidentiality bar runs to persons 'other than the licensee and the boards,' so the licensee is inside the circle. On dismissal, r. 193C-9.2(1) sends a letter of explanation to both respondent and complainant. | Iowa Code section 272C.6(4)(a); Iowa Admin. Code r. 193C-9.1 and 193C-9.2; Iowa Code chapter 22 (Iowa open records) Complaint and investigative files are privileged and confidential as to the public and not subject to discovery or subpoena, but are available to the licensee and to the board. A final written decision and finding of fact in a disciplinary proceeding is a public record. Separately, the portal warns that complaints against persons NOT licensed by a bureau board are public records under Iowa Code chapter 22 from the outset. |
| Kansas | Downloadable PDF ('FILE A COMPLAINT' form) completed and returned to the board office at 900 SW Jackson, Ste. 507, Topeka, KS 66612. No online portal. The form must be signed: 'Unsigned forms will not be processed.' Landing page: https://www.ksbtp.ks.gov/forms-resources/complaints-discipline (verified 200).Not restricted by the board's published materials. The form asks for the filer's 'Connection to the Issue' but does not require an affected-party relationship, and K.S.A. 74-7001 et seq. imposes no standing requirement I located. | No The board's page states the form 'must be submitted to the Board office with complete information including the name and address of the person submitting it.' The form itself is emphatic: 'Unsigned forms will not be processed' and, in the signature block, 'By signing this form, I state that I believe a violation has occurred. I agree to cooperate with the investigation and I acknowledge that my name cannot be withheld.' | Yes The complaint form requires the complainant to acknowledge in writing that 'my name cannot be withheld.' This is the most explicit waiver of complainant anonymity among the fourteen jurisdictions reviewed. | KSBTP 'FILE A COMPLAINT' form (as posted on the board's Complaints & Discipline page); K.S.A. 45-221(a)(11) (Kansas Open Records Act); K.S.A. 74-7026 and 74-7027 (discipline and hearings - neither contains a confidentiality provision) No confidentiality provision exists in the Technical Professions Act, and the board's own form tells complainants their names cannot be withheld. Records are governed by the Kansas Open Records Act, whose relevant exception, K.S.A. 45-221(a)(11), is permissive rather than mandatory, so the board may - but is not required to - withhold an open investigative file. Final disciplinary actions are published by the board. |
| Kentucky | Signed letter mailed to the board. There is no complaint form and no online portal. The board directs: 'send a signed letter to the address below with details of the complaint, including copies of any documentation that supports your complaint. Include your name and contact information.' The board also warns it has no authority to settle or mediate boundary disputes.Not restricted. The board addresses any person who wishes 'to make a complaint against a licensed individual or firm for a violation of KRS 322.' No affected-party requirement is stated. | No The board requires a signed letter that includes the complainant's name and contact information. No anonymous route is described anywhere on the board's site. | Yes The board gives no assurance of complainant confidentiality and states affirmatively that the entire file is open-records material, which means the respondent can obtain the complaint and the complainant's name on request. This is the most exposed posture of the fourteen jurisdictions: no other board in this set declares the complaint file categorically subject to its state open-records act with no stage-based protection. | Kentucky State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors, 'Making a Complaint'; KRS 61.870 to 61.884 (Kentucky Open Records Act) Open. The board states that all complaints and related materials are subject to the Kentucky Open Records Act. The Act's own exemptions (KRS 61.878) would have to be asserted record by record, and the board asserts none categorically. |
| Louisiana | Sworn, notarized affidavit of complaint mailed to the board. Two suggested forms: 'Affidavit of Complaint Against Licensee or Certificate Holder' (https://www.lapels.com/Enforcement/Licensees.pdf, verified 200) and 'Affidavit of Complaint Against Non-Licensee or Non-Certificate Holder' (https://www.lapels.com/Enforcement/Non-Licensees.pdf, verified 200). No online portal. Which form applies depends on whether the target is licensed, because the two route to different complaint review committees (see la_rs_37_700M_note).Any person, but the affiant must swear the affidavit on personal knowledge and must agree to be available as a witness. La. R.S. 37:698(E)(2) (licensees) and 37:700(E)(2) (non-licensees) both read: 'A complaint review committee of the board, on receipt of a complaint from any person, may prefer charges ...' | No Anonymity is structurally impossible. La. R.S. 37:698(E)(2): 'Such complaint shall be in writing, shall be sworn to by the person or persons making the complaint, and shall be filed with the board.' The board's instruction sheet: 'you may file a sworn affidavit of complaint in which you specify the particular violation(s) that you believe to have occurred.' The affidavit form's closing note: 'The only requirement of LAPELS is that the relevant facts are set forth concisely, completely and accurately, are based on the affiant's personal knowledge and are sworn to before a Notary Public.' Paragraph 9 of the form has the affiant acknowledge that 'his/her testimony may be necessary and he/she agrees to be available as a witness to testify to the facts set forth in this Affidavit.' | not established — assume it may beNOT RESOLVED FOR THE INVESTIGATIVE STAGE, AND THE SOURCES ARE SILENT RATHER THAN UNREACHABLE. Every governing document was retrieved and read: the board's enforcement instruction sheet, both affidavit forms, La. R.S. 37:691, 37:698 and 37:700, and the board's rules at LAC 46:LXI. The rules do not address it at all - LAC 46:LXI.3301 is a single sentence deferring the whole subject to the licensure law and the Louisiana Administrative Procedure Act (R.S. 49:950 et seq.), and the word 'complainant' does not appear anywhere in the 54-page rules document. What can be stated: La. R.S. 37:691(B) makes the whole disciplinary and enforcement file confidential and exempt from the Public Records Law, so the affidavit is not obtainable by public request; the affidavit is nonetheless a named, sworn instrument whose affiant agrees in advance 'to be available as a witness'; and under La. R.S. 37:698(G) the charged party is served with 'a copy of the charges' at least thirty days before hearing and has the right 'to cross-examine witnesses in his defense', so identity is disclosed no later than the hearing. Whether the affidavit itself reaches the respondent before then is not published. | La. R.S. 37:691(B) (Records and reports); La. R.S. 37:698(E)(2), (F), (G) and (M); La. R.S. 37:700(E)(2) and (M); La. R.S. 44:4.1(B)(23), which lists R.S. 37:691 among the statutory exceptions to the Public Records Law Exempt at every stage. All records connected with disciplinary and enforcement proceedings are confidential and outside the Louisiana Public Records Law, with the board holding discretion to publish once it has rendered a final decision or order. That discretion is the legal basis for the public enforcement register. |
| Maine | Signed written complaint mailed to the board's Complaint Officer. There is no form and no online portal; the board asks for as much identifying detail as the complainant has, plus copies of supporting documents.Any person. 32 M.R.S. 1356: 'Any person may register a complaint of fraud, deceit, gross negligence, incompetency or misconduct against any licensed professional engineer or any engineer-intern.' | No Signature is a statutory requirement. 32 M.R.S. 1356: 'These complaints must be in writing, signed by the individual making the complaint and filed with the board.' The board repeats it: 'A complaint must be signed.' | Yes Routine and immediate. The board's published process: 'The Board receives a signed complaint and supporting documents. A copy of the complaint is sent to the licensee for a written response. ... A copy of the response is sent to the person who filed the complaint.' The complaint is then presented to the Board in a public meeting, and both the complainant and the licensee are notified and may attend as members of the public. | 32 M.R.S. 1356; 10 M.R.S. 8003(5)(E); 1 M.R.S. 401-434 (Maine Freedom of Access Act); Title 24, chapter 21 (Maine Health Security Act), referenced by exception Not confidential for engineering. Maine's licensing statute makes complaint, report and investigation materials confidential only where the Maine Health Security Act requires it, which does not reach professional engineering; the Maine Freedom of Access Act therefore governs. Results of board discipline are expressly public. |
| Maryland | Signed PDF complaint form, mailed or hand-delivered to the board; copies may be emailed but the original signed form must follow. Forms may also be requested by phone at 410-230-6269 or 1-888-218-5925. The office must receive a signed complaint and supporting documentation within 30 days to proceed. Landing page: https://labor.maryland.gov/license/pe/pecomp.shtml (verified 200); complaint FAQs: https://labor.maryland.gov/license/pe/pecompfaqs.shtml (verified 200).Generally anyone, subject to subject-matter limits: 'Generally, complaints are limited to licensees, firms, or activities that are regulated by the board.' Contractual and monetary disputes are outside the board's jurisdiction. | No Stated twice and without qualification. Board complaint page: 'Anonymous complaints are not accepted. It is mandatory that a completed and signed complaint form be submitted.' FAQ 7: 'Complaints submitted to the board cannot be anonymous. All complaints must be submitted with a signed complaint form.' FAQ 14 adds: 'As complaints are not anonymous, you could be involved in the process in several ways.' | Yes Routine. FAQ 9: 'After the complaint is reviewed by board staff members, the licensee is sent a copy of the complaint along with a Notice of Complaint/Order to Respond. This document notifies the licensee or offender of the complaint and requests a written response to the complaint within 30 days. In addition to responding to the specific allegations contained in the complaint, the respondent is permitted to provide a copy of all relevant documents in their defense. The complainant also receives a notification that the complaint has been initiated and when it is complete.' | Maryland Board for Professional Engineers, 'File a Complaint' and 'Complaint Frequently Asked Questions'; Maryland Public Information Act (Md. Code Ann., General Provisions, Title 4); Md. Code Ann., Bus. Occ. & Prof. Title 14 (board authority, cited by the board at FAQ 13) Disclosable on closure. The board's own answer is that complaints become subject to the Maryland Public Information Act once the complaint is closed, which implies withholding while the matter is open, though the board does not cite the exemption it relies on in the interim. |
| Massachusetts | Online. The Board of Registration of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors is not on the Division of Occupational Licensure's eLIPSE list, so its complaints go through the Commonwealth's ePLACE portal at https://elicensing21.mass.gov/CitizenAccess/Default.aspx (verified 200). The how-to page states: 'To file a complaint, please visit the Commonwealth's ePLACE portal or eLIPSE platform and follow the instructions for creating an account. All complaints must be filed electronically.' NOTE A LIVE CONFLICT: a second Division page, https://www.mass.gov/info-details/have-a-complaint-against-a-licensee (verified 200 today), still instructs complainants to 'download our Application for Complaint form ... before mailing or faxing it back to our Office of Investigations.' Confirm the current route with the Office of Investigations at 617-701-8756 before filing.Any individual. The board's own regulation, 250 CMR 7.02(1): 'The Board may initiate disciplinary action against a Registrant or an unlicensed individual or entity on its own or upon written complaint of any individual who alleges violation of any law or regulation within the Board's jurisdiction, including but not limited to M.G.L. c. 112, ss. 61 through 65E, 81D through 81T and 250 CMR.' The Division adds: 'Anyone may file a complaint with DOL. However, please be advised that DOL can only pursue complaints against an individual licensed by one of our 28 boards of registration or the Office of Private Occupational School Education. Not all complaints may be actionable or lead to discipline.' | No INFERRED, NOT STATED. Neither the Division of Occupational Licensure nor the board addresses anonymity anywhere located, and 250 CMR 7.00 (read in full) does not either. Two requirements point the same way: the Division's 'Please note that all complaints must be signed,' and 250 CMR 7.02(1), which conditions board-initiated discipline on its own motion or 'written complaint of any individual.' Treat the false value as inferred from those, not as a stated position that anonymous complaints are rejected. | not established — assume it may beSTILL NOT RESOLVED, but the board's regulation now bears on it. Nothing in 250 CMR 7.00, in M.G.L. c. 112 ss. 61-65E, or on any Division page states that the complaint or the complainant's identity is furnished to the respondent. The two nearest provisions both cut toward exposure rather than protection: 250 CMR 7.04(3), 'The complaint investigative committee may schedule an informal conference with the complainant, the respondent, their counsel or any other individual to determine if the case should be dismissed, further investigation is required, or an Order to Show Cause is warranted' - which contemplates complainant and respondent in the same room; and M.G.L. c. 112, s. 65C, under which investigative conferences are closed to the public 'but a licensee shall have access to records of any meetings concerning the licensee as may be necessary for the defense of his license at an adjudicatory proceeding.' Neither amounts to a routine-disclosure rule, so the field stays null. Sources read in full: 250 CMR 2.00, 250 CMR 7.00 (Mass. Register #1568, 02/27/2026), mass.gov how-to page, 'Have a complaint against a licensee?' page, Division public records request page, and M.G.L. c. 112 ss. 65, 65A, 65B, 65C. Every one of these was retrieved successfully; the silence is the sources', not a fetch failure. | 250 CMR 7.02(1), 7.04(3) and 7.04(9) (Board of Registration of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors, Enforcement and Discipline; Mass. Register #1568, 02/27/2026); M.G.L. c. 112, s. 65C (Investigative conference meetings; access to meeting records); G.L. c. 66, s. 10 and G.L. c. 4, s. 7, cl. Twenty-sixth (c) and (f) (Massachusetts Public Records Law and its exemptions); 950 CMR 32 No board-level or DOL-level confidentiality rule exists - established by reading 250 CMR 2.00 (General Provisions, Board Procedures and Definitions) and 250 CMR 7.00 (Enforcement and Discipline) in full, neither of which contains any provision on confidentiality, complainant identity, or public records. Complaint files therefore fall under the Massachusetts Public Records Law, where the operative exemptions a custodian would assert are clause Twenty-sixth (f) for materials in an ongoing investigation and (c) for personal identifying information. Neither is a blanket exemption: the Secretary of the Commonwealth's guidance is that (f) 'does not create a blanket exemption for all records that investigative officials create or maintain,' so the outcome turns on a record-by-record justification rather than on a categorical rule. What the stage-based answer is in practice for an engineering complaint is not published by the Division and remains unestablished. |
| Michigan | Online through MiPLUS: select 'Professional Engineer' from the profession list on the complaint page, then 'File Complaint Now', which opens https://aca3.accela.com/MILARA/Default.aspx (verified 200). Alternatively, a signed written complaint mailed to the Bureau of Professional Licensing Complaint Intake Section. Instructions page: https://www.michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/bpl/complaint/occ/filing-an-allegation (verified 200).Anyone. LARA encourages 'all concerned citizens and licensed occupational professionals to file a complaint with BPL if they are aware of behavior that may potentially violate the Occupational Code.' No affected-party requirement. | YesACCEPTED BUT DISCOURAGED, AND THE TWO LARA SOURCES CONFLICT. 'A Citizen's Guide to Filing a Complaint Against a Licensed Occupational Professional' states: 'Anonymous complaints are discouraged and may result in your complaint being closed, as the investigator would be unable to ask for information, records, etc.' That wording contemplates the complaint being accepted and then possibly closed. The Filing an Allegation page says flatly: 'Your complaint must be in writing and signed.' The true value rests on the Citizen's Guide; the conflict is unresolved, and anyone intending to file anonymously should call BPL Complaint Intake at 517-241-0205 first. | Yes LARA warns complainants directly: 'Please do not include any information such as your social security number, that you do not want to be released to the respondent.' The Citizen's Guide adds that the department 'may bring together the complainant and the respondent for an informal conference' at any time during its investigation or after issuance of a formal complaint. | LARA Bureau of Professional Licensing, 'Filing an Allegation'; LARA, 'A Citizen's Guide to Filing a Complaint Against a Licensed Occupational Professional'; MCL 15.243(1)(b) (Michigan Freedom of Information Act) Not confidential by statute. Michigan's Occupational Code contains no complaint-confidentiality provision; complaint files are subject to the Michigan Freedom of Information Act, under which the investigating-records exemption at MCL 15.243(1)(b) is permissive and must be justified subparagraph by subparagraph. Final disciplinary actions are published in the Bureau's Disciplinary Action Reports. |
| Minnesota | Signed paper Complaint Registration Form (https://mn.gov/aelslagid/assets/Complaint%20Form_tcm1231-725560.pdf, Rev 07/26, verified 200 and read), mailed, emailed or delivered to the board office. Complaints are not accepted by phone or fax. The form runs three pages: complainant and respondent identification, a signed statement of complaint, and a separate signed 'Authorization to Release Complaint' page. One complainant and one respondent per form. A companion Complaint Process booklet (https://mn.gov/aelslagid/assets/Complaint%20Process_tcm1231-728942.pdf, Rev 07/26, verified 200 and read) describes the procedure. Board instructions: 'Review the Complaint Process. Complete the Complaint Registration Form. Sign and date the form (required). Mail, email, or deliver the completed form and any supporting documents to the Board office. Complaints are not accepted via phone or facsimile (fax).'Anyone. Board: 'Complaints may be filed by anyone and must be in writing.' The form may also be used against an individual engaged in the unauthorized practice of a profession the board regulates. | No NO - BUT THE BOARD'S TWO CURRENT DOCUMENTS STATE IT IN OPPOSITE-SOUNDING WORDS, AND THE POLICY CHANGED DURING THIS REVIEW. The current File a Complaint page reads: 'While the Board accepts anonymous complaints, unless the complaint contains publicly available information, the Board may be unable to proceed with the complaint.' The current Complaint Process booklet (Rev 07/26) reads: 'The Board does not accept anonymous complaints, however; the Board may gather any public information which is available to the Board and issue a complaint with the Executive Director as the Complainant.' These describe one mechanism, not two rules: an anonymous submission is never acted on as the sender's complaint, but where the allegation can be substantiated from publicly available information the Board may open its own complaint naming the Executive Director as complainant. The practical answer to 'can I file anonymously and have my complaint pursued' is no. The same page also requires 'Sign and date the form (required).' Nebraska Rule 8.1.4 uses the identical device. NOTE ON CHANGE: earlier in this session the board's prior page (mn.gov/aelslagid/complaints.html) read 'The Board does not accept anonymous complaints or complaints submitted via facsimile' with no publicly-available-information carve-out; that page now serves the board's home page. | not established — assume it may beTHE COMPLAINANT DECIDES, AND THE CHOICE HAS A PRICE. This is the only jurisdiction of the fourteen that puts the question to the complainant as a binary election on the form itself, and the election survived the board's 2026 form revision unchanged (verified against Rev 07/26). Page 3 requires the complainant to sign ONE of two options. Authorizing release: 'I hereby authorize the Minnesota Board of Architecture, Engineering, Land Surveying, Landscape Architecture, Geoscience and Interior Design to provide a copy of my Statement of Complaint (including my name), a summary of its contents, and any documentation I provide in support of my Statement of Complaint, at the Board's discretion, to ______ ("Respondent"), who is the subject of my complaint. I also hereby authorize the Board to release this information to a third party in the course of the Board's investigation of my complaint. ... I am willing to appear as a witness at a hearing if the Board determines there is cause to warrant disciplinary action against the Respondent. This authorization expires one year after this date.' Declining release: 'I hereby decline to authorize the release of my Statement of Complaint, a summary of its contents, my name, and any documentation I provide in support of my Statement of Complaint to the Respondent. I understand that if I do not want my Statement of Complaint, a summary of its contents, my name, and any documentation I provide in support of my Statement of Complaint released to the person against whom my complaint is filed, or if I do not want to be called as a witness at a disciplinary hearing against Respondent, then the Board may dismiss the complaint.' The form's general notice adds: 'Under certain circumstances your complaint, or a summary of your complaint, may be disclosed to the person you are complaining against or to other persons who might have information about the matter.' The Complaint Process booklet confirms the authorization is part of the required filing: 'The Complaint Registration Form and the Authorization to Release Complaint Form must be submitted to the Board' and 'When the Complaint and signed Authorization to Release Complaint is returned to the Board office, staff open a complaint.' It also notes the investigator 'may send an allegation letter directly to the Respondent.' The board's page states complaints 'are not public information and may only be discussed with the Respondent (the subject of the investigation) and the Complainant.' | Minn. Stat. 13.41, subd. 2(a), subd. 4 and subd. 5 (Minnesota Government Data Practices Act, licensing agencies), each cited and hyperlinked by the board on its own File a Complaint page; Minn. Stat. 326.111 (board enforcement authority); Minn. Stat. 326.02-326.15, Minn. Stat. ch. 214 and Minn. Rules chs. 1800 and 1805 Not public, and the board now sets out the three stages explicitly: 'Information about active investigations of complaints is confidential and unable to be provided. See Minnesota Statute 13.41, subd. 4.' / 'Complaints are considered active or ongoing until they are closed. Complainants and Respondents are informed in writing if a complaint has been closed.' / 'Information about closed complaints is private and may only be provided to the subject of that data. See Minnesota Statute 13.41, subd. 2.' / 'Complaints resulting in disciplinary action have orders made available to the public on the Board's website. See Minnesota Statute 13.41, subd. 5.' |
| Mississippi | Written charge on the board's prescribed form, submitted by regular mail or by email to information@pepls.state.ms.us. Landing page: https://www.pepls.ms.gov/how-file-complaint (verified 200). The board also notes: 'In instances in which the Board is presented with prima facie evidence of a violation of the laws or its rules and regulations, a written charge is not required.'Anyone with first-hand knowledge. Board: 'A charge may be made by anyone who believes a violation may have occurred. Charges may be made in writing by the person or persons having first-hand actual knowledge of the facts giving rise to the alleged violation(s).' | YesEXPRESSLY PERMITTED, WITH A HIGHER EVIDENTIARY BAR. Board: 'Charges may also be made anonymously. Such charges also shall be made in writing on forms prescribed by the Board but need not disclose the name or address of the person making the charge. Anonymous charges need not be signed by the person making the charge.' And: 'While the Board will initiate an investigation upon all written charges in which the person making the charge is disclosed, the Board will only pursue an investigation upon anonymous charges which present sufficient facts upon which the charge is based and sufficient evidence to prove the charge alleged.' That second sentence is also printed at the foot of the complaint form. Mississippi is the clearest anonymous-complaint jurisdiction in this set. | Yes NOT ROUTINE AT THE CHARGING STAGE, BUT AVAILABLE ON REQUEST AND COMPELLED BEFORE HEARING - the answer differs by stage, which is why the single boolean is true. (1) Investigation: the complainant's charge is NOT served on the respondent. Rule 9.3 routes it to an investigating Board member, and if the Board finds reasonable grounds it files its OWN formal Complaint. (2) On request: the board's Rule 4.1 applies the Mississippi Public Records Act to its records and claims only the Miss. Code Ann. 73-52-1 exemptions - licensure applications, test questions and applicant recommendations - so the charge falls within no exemption the board asserts and a respondent may request it. (3) Before hearing: Rule 9.4 - 'There shall be no pre-hearing discovery. However, at least seven (7) working days prior to the date of a disciplinary hearing, the parties shall provide each other with a list containing the name, address, and telephone number of intended witnesses and copies of all exhibits intended to be introduced at hearing.' A complainant the board intends to call is therefore named to the respondent. The board itself publishes no statement on the point; the above is established from its rules. This is the one jurisdiction in the set that both accepts anonymous complaints and leaves a named complainant's identity reachable by public-records request. | Mississippi Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Surveyors, Rules (as approved 11-21-2025), Part 901 Chapter 4, Rule 4.1 (Public Records Request), and Rules 9.3 (Investigative Procedures), 9.4 (Pre-Hearing Discovery) and 9.5 (Notice of Formal Complaint and Disciplinary Hearing); Miss. Code Ann. 25-61-1 et seq. (Mississippi Public Records Act of 1983); Miss. Code Ann. 73-52-1; Miss. Code Ann. 73-13-15 Public, subject to the Mississippi Public Records Act of 1983. The board's rules identify no exemption covering complaints or investigative files. |
| Missouri | Complaint form mailed to the board's Executive Director with copies of supporting documents, letters and exhibits; a separate form for each specific complaint. Landing page: https://pr.mo.gov/apelsla-complaints.asp (verified 200). Consumer Complaint Guide: https://pr.mo.gov/boards/apelsla/ConsumerComplaintDoc_ARC_2021.pdf (verified 200).Anyone with knowledge. Consumer Complaint Guide: 'A complaint can be filed by anyone with knowledge of the alleged violation. Complaints must be in writing and should be signed by the person filing the complaint.' A complaint filed by an organization, professional society or corporation must be signed by an authorized person or agent and accompanied by a copy of the board of directors' resolution authorizing the filing. | YesACCEPTED, WITH CONSEQUENCES, AND THE BOARD'S TWO SOURCES CONFLICT ON SIGNATURE. Consumer Complaint Guide: 'The Board does accept anonymous complaints; but, when submitted anonymously, it can take longer to process the complaint since we can't contact the complainant should additional documentation or clarification be needed. Also, the filers of anonymous complaints will not receive any communication regarding resolution.' The board's Complaints web page says the opposite about signatures: 'All complaints must be signed.' The Guide is the more specific statement on anonymity; the conflict is unresolved. | Yes The board disclaims any guarantee. Consumer Complaint Guide, under 'IS MY COMPLAINT CONFIDENTIAL?': 'The Board cannot guarantee that your identity will remain confidential. To properly investigate your complaint, the Board may need to share information with other individuals, including, the subject of the complaint.' Board Complaints page: 'Please be aware that a copy of this complaint may be provided to the person or firm against whom you are filing the complaint.' | Section 324.001.8, RSMo; Missouri Board for Architects, Professional Engineers, Professional Land Surveyors and Professional Landscape Architects, Consumer Complaint Guide and Complaints page; Chapter 610, RSMo (Missouri Sunshine Law) Closed by statute as to the public, at every stage. Complaints and investigatory reports held by a board assigned to the Division of Professional Registration are confidential and may not be disclosed to the public absent the written consent of the person whose records are involved, with carve-outs for voluntary interstate exchange, litigation, lawful request, and other administrative or law enforcement agencies. Confidentiality as to the public is not confidentiality as to the respondent - the board says outright it may share the complaint with the subject. |
| Montana | Online secure intake form (the 'Online License Complaint Form' linked from the department's How to File a Complaint page), or a paper complaint form (https://boards.bsd.dli.mt.gov/_docs/complaints/complaint-form.pdf, verified 200) mailed, faxed or emailed to the Compliance Unit. Landing page with the full complaint-process FAQ: https://bsd.dli.mt.gov/filing-complaint (verified 200). Complaints must be in writing and on the prescribed form.Any person, government entity or private entity. MCA 37-1-308(1): 'Except as provided in subsections (4) and (5), a person, government, or private entity may submit a written complaint to the department charging a licensee or license applicant with a violation of this part and specifying the grounds for the complaint.' A good-faith complainant who is a person or private entity, but not a government entity, is immune from civil suit under MCA 37-1-308(3). | No Department FAQ, 'Can I file a complaint and remain anonymous?': 'Generally, no. To bring formal charges, the department must have evidence in the form of a document or statement to prove whether someone has engaged in unprofessional conduct. If your statement is the sole manner of proving unprofessional conduct, your testimony may be required at an administrative hearing. If you have personal knowledge of a serious risk of harm presented by a licensee or unlicensed person and have concerns about identifying yourself as a complainant, you should contact the office to discuss the matter with a Compliance Specialist.' The online intake form enforces this: complainant First name, Last name and Email Address are all marked required. | Yes Routine, and stated twice in the department's own words. FAQ, first sentence of the confidentiality answer: 'Your complaint will be provided to the subject of the complaint with a request to respond to the information in the complaint.' The online intake form repeats the warning above its first field: 'Your complaint will be forwarded to the licensee unless confidentiality restrictions apply.' | MCA 37-1-308 (Unprofessional conduct - complaint - investigation - immunity - exceptions); MCA 37-1-311(2) (Findings of fact - order - report); Montana Constitution Art. II ss. 9 (right to know) and 10 (right of privacy), whose balancing test MCA 37-1-311(2)(c) restates Withheld from the public during review and investigation as a matter of department practice grounded in Montana's constitutional privacy balancing rather than in a statutory confidentiality provision; dismissed complaints remain confidential; final orders of disciplinary action are public and must be posted online. |
| Nebraska | Written complaint on the board's Complaint Form, signed and mailed with all supporting documentation to the board. Landing page: https://ea.nebraska.gov/enforcement-complaints (verified 200). Board FAQ: 'A complaint against any person or organization involving any matter coming within the jurisdiction of the Board shall be in writing and shall be filed with the Board. Using the Complaint Form is preferred.' Board staff typically contact the complainant within one week to verify the information.Anyone, including out-of-state complainants. Board: 'Anyone can submit a complaint against architects, professional engineers, organizations, or members of the public.' FAQ: 'I live out of state and worked on a Nebraska project with a Nebraska licensee who I believe was in violation of the Act. Can I file a complaint if I live out of state? Yes. Anyone can file a complaint with the Board.' A complainant may be an architect, professional engineer, organization, or an unlicensed member of the public. | No The Complaint Form has a mandatory COMPLAINANT identification block and a signature declaration - 'By signing below, I declare that the information contained in this complaint, including any attached pages, is true and correct to the best of my belief' - and board staff 'will typically contact you within one week of receiving the complaint to verify the information,' which presupposes a reachable complainant. The board's rules provide the same substitute route Minnesota uses rather than an anonymous filing: Rule 8.1.4, 'A complaint or compliance issue against any person or organization may be brought in the name of the Board. A complaint may be filed by the Executive Director when he or she discovers a probable violation of the Act. If a Board member discovers a probable violation of the Act, the member may bring it to the Executive Director's attention.' Neb. Rev. Stat. 81-3443(1) requires only that a complaint 'shall be in writing and shall be filed with the board.' No provision anywhere in the 61-page Regulation Act Handbook (Act plus Rules, 2026 edition, read in full) accepts or refuses anonymous complaints in terms. | Yes RESOLVED FROM THE BOARD'S OWN RULES, WHICH MAKE IT AN ENTITLEMENT. Rule 8.2.1: 'The respondent is entitled to copies of the complaint and all information upon which the probable cause determination was made.' Rule 8.2.3.2 requires those copies be provided 'no later than the time the request to appear is made.' At the formal stage the statute is equally direct - Neb. Rev. Stat. 81-3443(3): 'The board shall set the time and place for the hearing and shall cause a copy of the complaint, together with a notice of the time and place fixed for the hearing, to be sent by registered mail to the accused, at his, her, or its last-known business or residence address known to the board, at least thirty days before the hearing.' Nebraska is therefore one of the clearest disclosure jurisdictions in this set, notwithstanding that its public-facing complaint pages never mention it. | Neb. Rev. Stat. 84-712.05(5) (records that may be withheld from the public); Neb. Rev. Stat. 81-3443 (Enforcement procedures); Nebraska Board of Engineers and Architects Rules 8.1.4, 8.2.1 and 8.2.3.2 (Title 110 NAC, as published in the board's 2026 Regulation Act Handbook); board Enforcement / Complaints page and Complaints FAQ Discretionary withholding as against the public, but the respondent has an affirmative right to the complaint under the board's own rules. Investigative records may be withheld under the Nebraska public records statutes; Orders of Disciplinary Action and Settlement Agreements are public records available on written request. |
| Nevada | Downloadable fillable PDF complaint form. Email the completed form and supporting documents to board@nvbpels.nv.gov, or mail to the Board office. No online portal. Landing page https://nvbpels.org/public/complaints/ also verified.Anyone. NRS 625.420(1): 'Any person may file with the Board a charge concerning a violation of any provision of this chapter or regulation adopted by the Board against any person.' Board site: 'Anyone can file a complaint against an engineer, land surveyor, or firm.' Complaint form: 'Anyone can file a complaint (consumers, building officials and other design professionals).' No affected-party requirement. | not establishedNot addressed on the Board's complaints page, in the complaint form, in the Rules of Practice and Procedure (rev. 7/16/2026), or in NRS/NAC 625. The form collects complainant name, address, phone and email and carries a signed declaration (typed name accepted as signature); NRS 625.420(1) requires only that charges be in writing. The form's line 'All complaints that fall within the board's jurisdiction, regardless of the source or allegation, will be investigated' is suggestive but is not a statement that anonymous complaints are accepted. Unresolved. | Yes Not stated. The complaints page says only that the Board 'may contact the person filing the complaint (Complainant) and the person against whom the complaint is made (Respondent) for clarification or to provide additional information.' NRS 625.425(1) makes the investigative record confidential, while NRS 625.425(2) makes the Board's charging document and all material it considered in deciding discipline public records, so the complaint would ordinarily become public at the formal-charge stage. No express statement about routine pre-charge disclosure of the complainant's name. Unresolved. | NRS 625.425 (investigation records confidential; disciplinary-action records public); NRS 625.460(3) (discipline orders are public records); NRS 625.420 (filing of charges; 1-year limit on Board action). Two-stage. Information obtained during an investigation and the record of an investigation are confidential, and remain confidential permanently if no discipline and no civil penalty result. Once the Board files a formal disciplinary complaint, that complaint and all documents and information the Board considered in deciding whether to discipline are public records; orders imposing discipline with findings and conclusions are public. |
| New Hampshire | Online only, through OPLC's electronic filing system. The Enforcement Complaint Form opens at https://onlineforms.nh.gov/app/?allowAnonymous=true#/formversion/ddc8e9c4-0dec-4731-a58a-9a46ee545f3c?FormTag=Complaint_Form (host verified 200; the form loads client-side from the URL fragment, so only the host could be server-verified). Supporting documents may be emailed afterward to complaints@oplc.nh.gov. The string allowAnonymous=true in that URL is a portal no-login parameter, not an offer of anonymous filing.Anyone. OPLC: 'You can file a complaint against any person who is engaging in work that requires a professional license.' The Enforcement Division 'relies upon members of the public to report instances of professional misconduct by licensees.' No affected-party requirement; the complainant is not a party to the proceeding and has no right of appeal. | No OPLC Enforcement FAQ, 'Can I file anonymously?': 'You must include your contact information when filing a complaint.' Under N.H. Admin. R. Plc 204.03 Enforcement rejects complaints lacking the complainant's first and last name, daytime telephone, email and mailing address, and will not accept complaints filed against unnamed individuals. A complainant may REQUEST that Enforcement keep their identity confidential 'until and unless the matter is set for a public hearing'; the circumstances OPLC names are danger to the safety of the complainant or another person, or a parallel criminal investigation. Identifying information of a minor child is kept confidential from public view. | Yes Routinely and by design. OPLC FAQ: 'Will the licensee receive a copy of the complaint including my identifying information? Yes. A professional license is considered a property interest under New Hampshire law. Licensees are entitled to due process if any disciplinary action is to be taken against their license, which includes a right to confront the person accusing them of professional misconduct.' Step 1(B) of the published complaint process is 'forwarding a copy of the complaint to the licensee for a written response.' | RSA 310:9, IV (confidentiality and RSA 91-A exemption); RSA 310:9, I(b) (5-year limitation); RSA 310:9, V-VI and RSA 310:10, VIII(a), X (complainant notification points); N.H. Admin. R. Plc 204.03 (required contents of a complaint). Confidential and expressly exempt from the Right-to-Know Law (RSA 91-A) while under investigation; the exemption lapses if the information becomes part of a public disciplinary hearing. Dismissals with a non-disciplinary letter of concern remain confidential and non-public. Final board orders are published. |
| New Jersey | Board-specific downloadable PDF (4 pages, with a Complaint Process cover sheet), completed, signed and mailed. Return to: Division of Consumer Affairs, State Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors, P.O. Box 45015, Newark, NJ 07101. A Spanish version sits in the same directory. The Division's general online complaint portal at njconsumeraffairs.state.nj.us/file-a-complaint/ offers only General Consumer, Bureau of Securities and Lemon Law complaint types and is NOT the professional-board route.Not restricted. The form asks the complainant's relationship to the consumer (self, spouse, parent, son/daughter, friend, brother/sister, legal guardian, other), which contemplates filings by persons other than the affected party. No affected-party requirement is stated. | No The professional-board form requires the complainant's name, address, telephone, email and a signed certification: 'I certify that the statements made by me in this complaint are true and any documents attached are true copies. I am aware that if any statements made by me are willfully false, I am subject to punishment.' The form adds that the certification 'must be signed by the person who has completed this form.' No anonymous option appears. The Division's separate GENERAL CONSUMER portal does offer 'Do you wish to withhold your personal contact information from your complaint?', but that route does not reach the engineering board. | Yes Routinely. Complaint Process cover sheet: 'A copy of the complaint will be forwarded to the licensee with a cover letter from the Board requiring a detailed written response to the allegations in the complaint.' | NJ Division of Consumer Affairs, State Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors, Complaint Process / Complaint Form; Open Public Records Act, N.J.S.A. 47:1A-1 et seq. The completed complaint form is a government record under OPRA. Information supplied may be publicly disclosed, but if an investigation is conducted the information is disclosable only after the investigation is complete. Until a final determination is made the Board may not disclose information about the matter. |
| New Mexico | Paper complaint packet, mailed or hand-delivered. Five forms - CP-001 General Information, CP-002 Complaint Form, CP-003 Complainant's Exhibits, CP-004 Statement Continuation, CP-005 Affidavit of Witness - all linked from https://www.sblpes.state.nm.us/enforcement/file-a-complaint/ (verified). Mail to NMBLPEPS - Compliance Enforcement, PO Box 1967, Santa Fe, NM 87504; hand delivery to 2550 Cerrillos Rd., Toney Anaya Building, 3rd Floor. No online portal. Board recommends calling (505) 476-4565 first to confirm jurisdiction.Not restricted. The packet covers complaints against an engineer, a surveyor, or an unlicensed individual, and imposes no affected-party requirement. CP-001: 'The Board does not represent the complainant, as in an attorney client relationship, but the public welfare as a whole.' | No Form CP-002 requires the complainant's name, mailing address, telephone and email, carries a sworn affirmation - 'I hereby swear and affirm that the statements made in this complaint are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. I am competent to testify to such facts, and will testify to such in any administrative hearing and/or court upon notification' - and a notary jurat, 'SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN to before me this ___ day of ___.' A notarized, testimony-committing complaint cannot be filed anonymously. The Board's materials do not separately discuss anonymous tips. | Yes Routinely. Form CP-001, section II Complaint Process: 'A copy of the complaint will be sent to the licensee with a request to respond to the allegations.' The complainant additionally affirms on CP-002 that they will testify in any administrative hearing or court. | NM Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Surveyors, Form CP-001 (Complaint Packet), section II; New Mexico Inspection of Public Records Act, NMSA 1978 sections 14-2-1 et seq. Confidential during the investigation; largely open after decision. Once the Board decides and the respondent is notified, most or all of the file becomes available for public inspection under the New Mexico Inspection of Public Records Act, subject to that Act's own exceptions. |
| New York | Printed PDF Professional Discipline Complaint Form mailed to the Office of Professional Discipline (OPD) regional office nearest where the incident took place, or faxed to the main professional discipline office at 212-951-6420. Complaints must be in writing and cannot be filed by phone. Signature required; the optional records-release Authorization on the form 'does not have to be notarized' but must be witnessed. Instructions page: https://www.op.nysed.gov/enforcement/discipline-complaint-form (verified). Information line 1-800-442-8106; conduct@nysed.gov.Anyone. NYSED imposes no affected-party requirement and tells complainants they need not be certain: 'If you think you may have been the victim of professional misconduct, file a complaint form. The Office of the Professions will investigate the complaint and determine if misconduct has occurred.' | not establishedNot addressed anywhere in OP's enforcement pages, its Enforcement FAQ, or the complaint form. The form requires the complainant's name and address and instructs 'Be sure to sign and date your complaint,' and the published process depends on investigator contact with the complainant ('The Senior Investigator begins fact gathering and interviews for the case, which also includes attempting to contact the complainant'). That makes anonymous filing impractical, but OP nowhere says an anonymous complaint is refused. Unresolved. | not established — assume it may beNot addressed by OP. Education Law 6510(8) makes the department's investigative files confidential and non-disclosable except on court order, but expressly carves out 'documents introduced in evidence at a hearing held pursuant to this chapter,' so the complaint and the complainant surface at a disciplinary hearing. Whether the complainant's identity is routinely given to the licensee during the investigation is not stated. Unresolved. | N.Y. Education Law section 6510(8); Education Law section 6510(4)(b) (confidential administrative warnings); NYSED Office of the Professions Enforcement FAQ. Confidential by statute. Department files relating to investigation of professional misconduct, unlawful (unlicensed) practice, unlawful use of a professional title, or applicant moral fitness are confidential and not subject to disclosure at anyone's request except on court order; the exemption does not cover documents introduced in evidence at a hearing and does not bar sharing with other regulators or prosecutors. OP adds: 'Complaints are accusations of professional misconduct; those that do not result in disciplinary action are confidential.' Administrative warnings for minor or technical violations are also confidential. |
| North Carolina | Written complaint on the Board's PDF complaint form, mailed to the Board or submitted electronically to djevans@ncbels.org. G.S. 89C-22(a): 'The charges shall be in writing or submitted electronically and shall be filed with the Board.' No notarization; the form takes complainant, respondent and up to three witnesses plus a narrative and supporting documents. Landing page https://www.ncbels.org/general-info/enforcement-complaints/ (verified).Anyone. G.S. 89C-22(a): 'Any person may prefer charges of fraud, deceit, gross negligence, incompetence, misconduct, or violations of this Chapter, the rules of professional conduct, or any rules adopted by the Board against any Board licensee.' Licensees are additionally REQUIRED to report suspected violations under 21 NCAC 56 .0701(g)(2). | No Explicit. Board FAQ, 'Will the Board accept an anonymous complaint?' - 'No. Per G. S. 89C-22(a), The charges shall be in writing or submitted electronically and shall be filed with the Board.' This is the clearest refusal of anonymous filing in the fourteen jurisdictions surveyed here. | Yes In substance yes, once charges are determined. Board FAQ: 'If there was sufficient information and corroborative evidence to determine charges, the respondent is notified of the allegations in writing.' The complainant 'is always notified of the outcome of the case in writing' and may be interviewed. The Board's confidentiality shield runs to the public, not to the respondent: G.S. 89C-10(f) confidentiality ends when the Board issues a citation to the licensee. | N.C. Gen. Stat. section 89C-10(f); N.C. Gen. Stat. section 89C-22(a); NCBELS Enforcement and Complaints FAQ. Confidential during investigation, by statute. The investigation of a licensee is confidential until the Board issues a citation (a Citation for Hearing or a Decision and Order); the investigation of a non-licensee is confidential until the Board approves an action against the non-licensee. Cases closed without a citation, and cases closed as unfounded or trivial, remain confidential permanently. Final decisions are public and searchable. |
| North Dakota | Paper 'Statement of Charges' form (NDPELS-L&I-01, Aug. 28 2024). Board site: 'The charges must be furnished on the Board's charge form found below. This form must be filled out completely, signed, notarized and returned to the Board office.' Mail to the Board at 3255 Greensboro Dr, Ste 203, Bismarck, ND 58503. No online portal. Landing page https://ndpelsboard.org/file-a-complaint/ (verified).Anyone. NDCC 43-19.1-26: 'Any person may file charges of fraud, deceit, gross negligence, incompetence, misconduct, or violation of the code of ethics against any individual registrant. Such charges must be in writing and must be filed with the executive director for the board.' Board site: 'North Dakota laws allow any member of the public to bring charges against a person or company practicing as a Professional Engineer and/or Professional Land Surveyor within the state.' | No Effectively no. The mandatory Statement of Charges form collects the complainant's name, address, telephone and email and ends in a notary jurat: 'Being first and duly sworn, deposes and says: These charges and any attachments thereto, to the best of my knowledge and belief, are true and correct in every respect.' A notarized sworn charge cannot be filed anonymously. The Board publishes no separate statement about anonymous tips. | Yes The board publishes no statement about routine disclosure, so the PRACTICE is unresolved - but the records-law answer is now firm and points one way. Under NDCC 44-04-18(1) the charge form is an open record, and NDCC 44-04-18.17 expressly excludes 'name of the complainant' from what may be withheld even under the consumer-complaint exemption, so a respondent (or anyone else) can obtain the complainant's name by records request. NDCC 43-19.1-26 separately requires that all charges not dismissed as unfounded or trivial be heard by the board on 'all charges made in the original filing,' which puts the sworn, notarized charge and its signatory in front of the respondent at hearing. Recorded as null because no source states the board's routine investigative practice, not because the identity is protected - it is not. | NDCC 44-04-18(1) (general open-records rule); NDCC 44-04-18.17 (personal and financial information in a consumer complaint - and its express exclusion of the complainant's name); NDCC 44-04-18.1(4) and (6) (licensee personal information; internal investigation of complaints against public employees); NDCC 43-19.1-26 (disciplinary procedure - contains no confidentiality provision). OPEN, and the complainant's NAME is specifically outside every applicable protection. Three findings, all from NDCC ch. 44-04 read in full (25 pages): (1) the general rule, NDCC 44-04-18(1), makes all records of a public entity open 'except as otherwise specifically provided by law'; (2) no exemption covers a licensing board's complaint file - NDCC 44-04-18.1(4) exempts personal information about a LICENSEE held by an occupational board, which protects the respondent rather than the complainant, and NDCC 44-04-18.1(6) exempts internal investigations of complaints against a public entity or its own EMPLOYEES for 75 days, which does not reach licensee discipline; (3) even the closest-fitting exemption, NDCC 44-04-18.17 for consumer complaints, expressly carves the complainant's name OUT of what it protects. Both branches converge: if a board complaint is a 'consumer complaint' the name is expressly unprotected, and if it is not, no exemption applies at all. Neither NDCC ch. 43-19.1 nor NDAC Title 28 contains any confidentiality provision. |
| Northern Mariana Islands | Downloadable PDF complaint form filed with the CNMI Board of Professional Licensing (linked from https://www.cnmilicensing.gov.mp/board-of-professional-licensing/, verified 200). The form requires the complainant's name, address and contact number, the subject's name and address, witnesses, details of the complaint, and a signature and date. It is not notarized. Board regulations require charges to be in writing on forms provided by the Board: NMIAC Sec. 125-20.1-1005(c)(1)-(2).Anyone, including a Board member. 4 CMC Sec. 3219(b) and NMIAC Sec. 125-20.1-1005(a): 'Any person, including a Board member, may prefer charges in writing with the Board against any person subject to the Board's jurisdiction, including but not limited to non-licensees or a firm holding a certificate of authorization.' No affected-party requirement. | YesReceived but expressly dismissible without investigation. 4 CMC Sec. 3219(c) and NMIAC Sec. 125-20.1-1005(b): 'The Board may dismiss an anonymous complaint without investigation.' The published complaint form has no anonymous option and requires a signature, so an anonymous filing would be a letter rather than the board's form. | Yes Yes, on a delay. The complainant's name is confidential only 'until an investigation is completed and administrative charges are filed against the licensee or firm, or the matter is referred to the Attorney General for criminal prosecution' - after which the protection ends. The summons and complaint are personally served or mailed to the respondent at least 30 days before hearing, and the action is brought 'in the name of the claimant versus the respondent' (NMIAC Sec. 125-20.1-1005(d)). | 4 CMC Sec. 3219(e) (Disciplinary Action: Procedures), Title 4 Division 3 Chapter 2 (Professional Licensing); mirrored at NMIAC Sec. 125-20.1-1005(f) (Board of Professional Licensing - Engineers, Architects, Land Surveyors, and Landscape Architects Regulations). Referenced records law: Open Government Act of 1992, PL 8-41, 1 CMC Sec. 9901 et seq. Confidential and exempt from public disclosure until the investigation is completed and charges are filed or the matter is referred for criminal prosecution; public thereafter. The exemption is expressly tied to the CNMI Open Government Act of 1992, PL 8-41, 1 CMC Sec. 9901 et seq. |
| Ohio | Online complaint through the eLicense Ohio portal (linked from the Board's Complaint and Enforcement page as 'Launch eLicense Ohio complaint'). Board policy also accepts written complaints by mail to State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Surveyors, Enforcement, 77 S High St Ste 2472, Columbus, OH 43215. ORC 4733.20(C): 'Complaints shall be in writing.' No notarization. Landing page https://peps.ohio.gov/wps/portal/gov/peps/about/complaint-and-enforcement (verified).Anyone. Board: 'Anyone may file a complaint.' ORC 4733.20(C): 'Any person may file with the board a complaint alleging fraud, deceit, gross negligence, incompetency, misconduct, or violation of this chapter or any rule adopted by the board.' No affected-party requirement. | not establishedNot addressed by the Board or by ORC 4733. The Board requires that all complaints be in writing with sufficient factual evidence, and says complaints reach it 'from several sources including the consumer public, governmental building departments, other state boards and agencies, our licensees, and even through newspapers or other publications' - which implies non-complainant-initiated matters are worked, but is not a statement that anonymous complaints are accepted. Unresolved. | Yes Routinely. Board: 'The respondent is often sent a copy of the complaint and given 20 days to respond to the allegation.' This is reinforced by the Ohio Public Records Act position below - the Board warns complainants up front that what they submit is generally a public record. | Ohio State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Surveyors, Complaint and Enforcement page; Ohio Public Records Act, ORC 149.43; ORC 4733.20(C)-(E) (complaint and disciplinary procedure; no confidentiality provision). Generally OPEN, and the Board says so on its own complaint page. Ohio's practice act contains no confidentiality provision for complaints or investigative files, so the Public Records Act, ORC 149.43, governs. Basis for that negative: all 33 sections of ORC ch. 4733 were individually retrieved and scanned - 27 from codes.ohio.gov after throttled retries, the remaining 6 via an automated browser once codes.ohio.gov began returning 429 - and each retrieved page was gated on carrying its 'Effective:/Latest Legislation' provenance line before being scanned. Zero occurrences of 'confidential', 'public record', 'anonym' or 'not subject to disclosure' across the chapter. Along with North Dakota, this is the most complainant-adverse posture in this set of fourteen. |
| Oklahoma | Online complaint form through the Board's Thentia portal, linked as 'Complaint Form' from https://oklahoma.gov/pes/resources/enforcement/how-to-file-a-complaint.html (verified). Complaints may also be submitted to the Compliance Officer. No notarization stated. Board asks for plans, plats, pictures, maps, documents, contracts and witness contact information.Anyone. The Board lists its complaint sources as 'the consumer public, governmental building departments, other state boards and agencies, our licensees, and even through newspapers or other publications.' No affected-party requirement. | YesAccepted with a stated caveat. Board: 'Anonymous complaints may be brought to the Board and will be processed; however, without a contact person to explain the details of the complaint or provide information or names of other witnesses, it can be difficult to obtain the necessary information needed to thoroughly investigate the allegation of wrongdoing.' Separately, the Enforcement Committee defers investigation while related litigation is pending or anticipated unless public health, safety or welfare requires immediate action. | not established — assume it may beNot directly stated. The Board's warning that 'Most documents received by the Board are public record and subject to Oklahoma's Open Records Act' means a named complainant should expect their complaint to be obtainable, including by the respondent. No express statement that the complaint is routinely served on the respondent. Unresolved as to routine practice. | 59 O.S. section 475.10(E) (classes of board record that may be kept confidential, including on-going investigation files and closed complaints); Oklahoma Open Records Act, 51 O.S. sections 24A.1 et seq.; Oklahoma State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Surveyors, How to File a Complaint page. Mixed, and the two authorities pull against each other. The Board tells complainants on its own page that 'Most documents received by the Board are public record and subject to Oklahoma's Open Records Act' (51 O.S. sections 24A.1 et seq.). But the practice act, 59 O.S. section 475.10(E), gives the Board DISCRETION to keep several classes of record confidential, and that list expressly includes 'on-going investigation files' and 'closed complaints.' Note the verb: records of that class 'may be kept confidential,' which is permissive, not a mandatory seal - so a complainant gets no guarantee from it, and the Board's own public-facing warning is the safer thing to plan around. |
| Oregon | Online only. OSBEELS: 'It is the complainant's responsibility to file a complaint online with supporting evidence.' Complaints must be in writing and include evidence documenting all charges; complainants may be asked to provide testimony. Complaints cannot be withdrawn once received. Landing page https://www.oregon.gov/osbeels/rulesstatutes/Pages/Rule-and-Statute-Enforcement.aspx (verified). Complaint-process flowchart at /osbeels/Documents/Flowchart/20170912-LEC-ComplaintFlowChart.pdf.Anyone, against licensed or unlicensed persons. Board: 'In accordance with OAR 820-015-0010, subsections 1 and 2, anyone may submit a complaint against a licensed or unlicensed person.' OSBEELS may also open its own investigations. No affected-party requirement; the Board expressly does not represent the complainant. | YesAccepted expressly, with a caveat about evidentiary sufficiency. Board: 'OSBEELS accepts anonymous complaints. However, circumstances arise when the anonymity of the complainant makes it difficult to proceed to an investigation. For example, if insufficient evidence is provided, there may not be support for allegations against the respondent to result in a penalty or sanction. Therefore, if filing an anonymous complaint, it is important for you to provide clear and specific information in relation to the alleged violation(s) of the respondent.' | Yes Routinely, for named complainants. Board: 'When a formal case investigation is opened, the respondent is provided a mailed copy of the complaint and is requested to respond to the allegations within 14 days.' Combined with the Board's public-records warning below, a named complainant should assume the respondent learns who filed. An anonymous filer is the exception the Board itself provides for. | OSBEELS Rule and Statute Enforcement / Filing a Complaint page; OAR 820-015-0010(1)-(2) (who may complain); Oregon Public Records Law, ORS ch. 192; ORS 183 (contested case procedure for Notices of Intent). Generally OPEN. The Board warns on its own filing page that everything submitted is disclosable under Oregon's Public Records Law (ORS ch. 192). Investigations are presented to the Law Enforcement Committee in a PUBLIC meeting. OSBEELS is not a health professional regulatory board, so the confidentiality regime at ORS 676.165-676.175 does not apply to it. |
| Pennsylvania | Online Statement of Complaint through the PALS website, or a downloadable Statement of Complaint PDF (https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dos/file-a-complaint/Complaint%20Form.pdf, verified) mailed to Department of State, Professional Compliance Office, P.O. Box 69522, Harrisburg, PA 17106-9522, or faxed to 717-705-2882. Not notarized, but signed under 18 Pa.C.S. section 4904 (unsworn falsification to authorities). Complaints against engineers go to the Department of State's Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs, not to the board directly; investigations are run by the Bureau of Enforcement and Investigation (BEI). Guidance page: https://www.pa.gov/services/dos/file-a-complaint-against-a-pa-licensed-professional (verified).Anyone. Department of State FAQ, 'Who can file a complaint?' - 'The Department accepts complaints from all sources and will review all information provided.' No affected-party requirement. | not establishedNot stated in terms. The Department says it 'accepts complaints from all sources and will review all information provided,' which is broad enough to cover anonymous reports, but neither the guidance page, the FAQ, nor the Statement of Complaint form says anonymous complaints are accepted or refused. The paper form has a Complainant Information block and a signed verification. Unresolved - the 'all sources' language is suggestive, not dispositive. | not established — assume it may beNot stated for complainants. What IS stated, and is the nearest analogue: for the separate Act 5 of 2024 impact statement submitted by an adversely affected person before a disciplinary hearing, 'The information that you provide in your written impact statement as well as your identity will be public; the Respondent will be given a copy; and you may be called/subpoenaed to testify.' That governs impact statements, not the underlying complaint. Unresolved for the complaint itself. | 63 Pa.C.S. section 3109 (Confidentiality of records of licensure boards); 65 P.S. section 67.708(b)(17) (RTKL noncriminal investigation exemption); Statement of Complaint form notice. Confidential and privileged during investigation, by statute. Records of a noncriminal investigation by BEI or the Prosecution Division relating to a licensure complaint are confidential and privileged under 63 Pa.C.S. section 3109 and exempt from the Right-to-Know Law under 65 P.S. section 67.708(b)(17). The shield does not extend to letters to a licensee or other documents disclosing the final outcome, to final adjudications or orders, or to information relating to a public disciplinary proceeding, and does not bar introduction of the investigative file in a board hearing. Finalized disciplinary actions are public record; BPOA may expunge some matters after 5 years. |
| Puerto Rico | Sworn written complaint ('Queja') sent by certified mail. The Junta Examinadora de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico sits within the Departamento de Estado, Secretaria Auxiliar de Juntas Examinadoras. The board publishes NO complaint page and NO complaint form; the procedure is set out in Reglamento Num. 9274 (Reglamento de la Junta Examinadora de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico), Articulo X, at https://docs.pr.gov/files/Estado/Juntas%20Examinadoras/Ingenieros%20y%20Agrimensores%20de%20Puerto%20Rico/RJI9274.pdf (verified 200). Art. X(B): 'La presentacion de quejas ante la Junta debera hacerse por escrito, mediante correo certificado.' A declaracion jurada before a Puerto Rico notary is required from all complainants except named public officials.Any person may file a Queja - Reglamento 9274 Art. X(A): 'Cualquier persona, mediante una Queja, podra solicitar a la Junta que inicie la investigacion de una posible violacion a las disposiciones de Ley, Codigo de Etica Profesional y Reglamento que rigen la profesion.' BUT the Junta will not investigate where the complainant lacks standing: Art. X(D)(4) excludes a complaint where 'La parte reclamante no tenga legitimacion activa para instarla por no ser parte afectada' (the complaining party lacks active standing because it is not an affected party). In practice a non-affected third party may file, but should expect the complaint not to be investigated. | No Not possible. Art. X(C) requires 'El nombre, direccion, correo electronico y numero de telefono de la parte reclamante', and every complainant other than the listed public officials (presidents of the legislative bodies, the Comptroller of Puerto Rico, the Office of Government Ethics, agency heads, judges and public officials acting within their functions) must attach 'una declaracion jurada ante notario autorizado a ejercer la practica notarial en Puerto Rico indicando que lo que se afirma en la solicitud es cierto segun el mejor conocimiento del/la reclamante.' A formal Querella must likewise be 'presentarse por escrito, juramentada ante un notario.' | Yes Yes. Art. X(G): if the Junta finds sufficient cause to open a formal investigation it must notify both the complaining party and the party to be investigated, 'con expresion de los hechos alegados y una cita de la disposicion estatutaria y reglamentaria que le confiere facultad para realizar la investigacion.' The confidentiality provision at Art. X(I) is expressly subject to due process for the respondent. | Reglamento Num. 9274, Reglamento de la Junta Examinadora de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico, Articulo X(I); enabling statute Ley Num. 173 de 12 de agosto de 1988, segun enmendada (Ley de la Junta Examinadora de Ingenieros, Arquitectos, Agrimensores y Arquitectos Paisajistas de Puerto Rico). Confidential and privileged during investigation. Reglamento 9274 Art. X(I) makes the Junta's investigations confidential, extends that character to the file the Junta builds, and declares the files not subject to discovery and privileged - subject to due process for the party complained against. The regulation does not state when, or whether, the file becomes public. |
| Rhode Island | Online only. Design Professionals (RI DBR, Division of Building, Design and Fire Professionals) page: 'All complaints must be submitted via our online complaint form.' The single form serves four boards and carries a required selector, 'Please choose the design professional you are submitting the complaint on: Architects / Landscape Architects / Professional Engineers / Professional Land Surveyors' - selecting Professional Engineers is the Board of Registration for Professional Engineers route. All correspondence is conducted through the portal. Landing page https://bdp.ri.gov/consumer/file-complaint (verified).Anyone. R.I. Gen. Laws section 5-8-18(c): 'Any person may file complaints of fraud, deceit, gross negligence, incompetence, or misconduct against any registrant.' No affected-party requirement. | No Effectively no, on two independent grounds. (1) The online form's required fields include complainant_name, street address, city, postal code, email and phone - all marked required in the form markup. (2) R.I. Gen. Laws section 5-8-18(c) requires that charges 'shall be in writing, sworn to by the person or persons making them, and filed with the board.' Neither the Board nor DBR publishes any statement about accepting anonymous complaints. | Yes By statute at the charging stage. R.I. Gen. Laws section 5-8-18(e): 'a copy of charges, together with a notice of the time and place of hearing, shall be personally served on or mailed to the last known address of the registrant at least thirty (30) days before the date fixed for the hearing,' and the accused registrant has the right 'to cross-examine witnesses.' Because 5-8-18(c) requires the charges to be sworn to by the person making them, the charging document itself identifies the complainant. | R.I. Gen. Laws section 38-2-2(4)(P) (APRA investigatory-records exemption); R.I. Gen. Laws section 5-8-18(c), (d), (e) (complaints, sworn charges, service, hearing). Confidential while under investigation; open on final action. Rhode Island's Access to Public Records Act exempts all investigatory records of non-law-enforcement public bodies pertaining to possible violations of statute, rule or regulation, other than records of final actions taken, and provides that all records prior to formal notification of violation or noncompliance are not public. Enforcement actions against professional engineers are published. |
| South Carolina | Online complaint through LLR's eService system, the route linked from the engineering board's own page. LLR also accepts written complaints by mail or fax: 'The agency receives written complaints by mail, fax, or electronically through its website.' Complaints against licensees and complaints against unlicensed persons are separate selections on the same intake page (https://llr.sc.gov/fileacomplaint.aspx, verified). Investigations are run by LLR's Office of Investigations and Enforcement (OIE), not by the board.Anyone. S.C. Code Ann. section 40-22-80(C): 'A person may prefer charges of fraud, deceit, gross negligence, incompetency, or misconduct against a registrant and charges of unlicensed practice against nonregistrants.' No affected-party requirement. Section 40-1-190(A) extends a qualified privilege to any communication made 'by or on behalf of a person' to the board or department by way of complaint or testimony, absent malice. | No No, by statute. S.C. Code Ann. section 40-22-80(C) requires that charges 'must be in writing, supported by affidavit of specific wrongdoing, and filed with the chairman of the board.' An affidavit is a sworn, signed statement, so an anonymous filing cannot satisfy it. This is reinforced by section 40-1-90(A)(2), which requires the director to verify that the complainant's name was given to the licensee before a formal complaint issues, 'unless good cause existed to withhold the name of the complainant' - withholding is the narrow exception, not the norm. Neither LLR's file-a-complaint page nor its complaint-process brochure discusses anonymous filing. | Yes Yes, by statute, subject to a good-cause exception. This is the most explicit statutory disclosure rule of the fourteen jurisdictions here. S.C. Code section 40-1-90(A) requires the director, before a formal complaint may issue, to verify that 'the name of the complainant was provided to the licensee, unless good cause existed to withhold the name of the complainant,' and that a copy of the complaint was mailed to the licensee. If those steps were not taken the formal complaint is held until the defect is cured. Section 40-1-190(B) preserves 'the respondent from normal access to the charges and evidence filed against the respondent as part of due process under the law.' At hearing, section 40-22-90(D) requires that 'The accused must be furnished a copy of the charges' and may 'cross-examine witnesses appearing against him.' Operationally, LLR notifies the respondent in writing within 30 days of the case being assigned. | S.C. Code Ann. section 40-22-190 (confidentiality of proceedings - the operative provision for engineers); section 40-22-80(C)-(D) (affidavit requirement; limitations); section 40-22-90(D) (accused furnished charges; cross-examination); section 40-1-90(A) (name of complainant provided to licensee); section 40-1-190 (privileged communications; respondent's access); section 40-1-120(C) (public disciplinary orders). Confidential by statute during investigation, with final orders public. The engineering chapter has its own confidentiality section, section 40-22-190, which makes investigations and proceedings under the chapter confidential and all communications privileged, subject to Title 40 Chapter 1. Final orders disciplining a licensee are public information under section 40-1-120(C). Chapter 1 standing alone contains no confidentiality provision - the operative one lives in Chapter 22. |
| South Dakota | Paper complaint form (Rev. 5/2026), completed, sworn before a notary, and mailed to the Board. Board page: 'Complaints shall be submitted in writing as provided in the Blue Book (covering Administrative Rule of South Dakota (ARSD) 20:38:39:01) on the complaint form provided below... The complaint form can be completed online, then printed for mailing.' Landing page https://dlr.sd.gov/btp/complaints.aspx (verified). One form covers architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, landscape architects, petroleum release assessors and unlicensed practice.Anyone. ARSD 20:38:39:01: 'Any person, board member or the executive director of the board, claiming that a licensee or an applicant for licensure under SDCL chapter 36-18A has engaged in or is engaged in conduct constituting grounds for disciplinary action... may file with the board a written complaint.' The Board's page adds a second category: a person who believes someone is practicing without a license may submit that information. No affected-party requirement. | No No. The form requires the complainant's name, address and phone and ends in a notarized oath, and ARSD 20:38:39:01 provides that 'The board may require the complaining party to file a complaint verified on oath stating the name of the applicant or licensee against whom the complaint is made,' with failure to file a written complaint verified under oath in satisfactory form 'a basis to dismiss the complaint.' | Yes Yes, and the Board says so on the face of the form - the plainest such warning of the fourteen jurisdictions here. Complaint form: 'Your complaint will be disclosed to the person you are complaining against and to other persons who might have information about the matter. Your complaint may be disclosed to members, employees, and consultants of the Board.' ARSD 20:38:39:01 requires that a complaint in proper form 'shall be served by mail upon the applicant or licensee complained against and upon any other affected parties,' who must respond within 20 calendar days. | SDCL 36-18A-24(3) (record and report policy; investigation files confidential while pending); ARSD 20:38:39:01 (complaints; service on the licensee); ARSD 20:38:39:03 (informal disposition is a public record). Confidential only while the investigation is pending, then open. SDCL 36-18A-24(3) makes investigation files confidential and not public records 'if any investigation is still pending'; the confidentiality lapses when the investigation closes. Informal disposition of a complaint is expressly a public record. |
| Tennessee | Online portal only. The State Board of Examiners for Architects, Engineers and Land Surveyors is administered by the Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance (TDCI), Regulatory Boards Division; all board complaints route through the single TDCI public complaint portal linked from the board's complaint page (https://www.tn.gov/commerce/regboards/architects-engineers/consumer/complaint.html). Attachments accepted; an e-mail confirmation with a complaint number is issued on submission. No sworn statement or notarization required.Anyone. TDCI states consumers are encouraged to file 'when they feel they have been the victim of an unfair or deceptive business practice, witness unlicensed activity, or see suspected misconduct or other violations of respective law or rules.' No affected-party requirement is stated. | YesAccepted, and TDCI publishes explicit guidance on it: 'All anonymous complaints are reviewed on a case-by-case basis to determine what, if any, action they merit. Anonymous complaints can be opened so long as they include sufficient information necessary to take action, including but not limited to: - Respondent Contact Information - Allegation of Violation(s) - Supporting Documentation ... If you are submitting an anonymous complaint via the online complaint form, you will need to complete the required fields, but you are able to put 'Anonymous' in those fields. Please note that if you file a complaint anonymously with our office, you will forfeit the right to receive updates as the complaint moves through our process.' TDCI also warns: 'Complaints cannot be made anonymous after filing, and any redactions made are not permanent.' (TDCI Customer Service Center, 'Filing Anonymously', https://support.commerce.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360052714714-Filing-Anonymously) | Yes Routine and automatic. TDCI's standard procedure forwards the complaint in its entirety to the named respondent, so a complaint filed with the complainant's name reaches the respondent unredacted. | Tenn. Code Ann. Sec. 10-7-501 et seq. (Tennessee Public Records Act), as applied and published by the Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance in its complaint guidance. Public from the moment of filing. TDCI states that submitted complaints are public records under the Tennessee Public Records Act and open to inspection by any Tennessee citizen; there is no investigative-stage seal. |
| Texas | Downloadable PDF complaint form, submitted by mail. The board's complaint page states: 'Completed complaint forms and supporting documentation must be mailed to the board rather than e-mailed.' The board's own rule is broader - 22 Tex. Admin. Code Sec. 139.13(a)-(b) lists the website, e-mail to complaints@pels.texas.gov, written correspondence, fax (512) 440-5715, telephone and in-person as contact routes and provides that 'A person may submit the complaint in writing through mail, electronic mail or facsimile.' There is no fully online submission form. No notarization or sworn statement is required; the rule specifies content, not verification.Anyone. Tex. Occ. Code Sec. 1001.252(d): 'The board shall consider any written grievance against a person filed with the board as a complaint.' The board may also initiate complaints on its own; Sec. 1001.252(g)(2) prioritizes public complaints over staff-initiated ones. | YesAccepted but investigated only conditionally. Board rule 22 TAC Sec. 139.13(g): 'Anonymous complaints will be received but will not be investigated unless sufficient information and evidence exists to demonstrate harm or potential harm to the public or violation of Acts or board rules. Anonymous complaints that do not contain sufficient evidence and information to initiate an investigation will be logged and filed for information purposes only.' The complaint page adds: 'The Board DOES accept anonymous complaints; however, please understand that since an investigator will be unable to contact you for clarification or for further information, please take care to include the information addressed in paragraph 4 above.' A filer may write 'anonymous' in the name and signature fields of the form. | Yes Yes, once informal resolution begins. 22 TAC Sec. 139.11(b) makes 'copies of the original complaint documentation' releasable to the respondent or the respondent's attorney during the informal resolution process, and the complaint ceases to be confidential once formal charges are filed with SOAH or the investigative file is closed. A named complainant should expect the respondent to see the complaint. | Tex. Occ. Code Sec. 1001.252(a), (k), (l); 22 Tex. Admin. Code Sec. 139.11(b); 22 Tex. Admin. Code Sec. 139.13(g). Statutorily public, with a confidentiality window during investigation. Tex. Occ. Code Sec. 1001.252(k): a complaint filed with the board IS public information, except (l) complaints determined frivolous or without merit, which are confidential and not subject to discovery, subpoena or other disclosure. Sec. 1001.252(a) and 22 TAC Sec. 139.11(b) require confidentiality from receipt through investigation; that shield lifts on SOAH filing or file closure. |
| United States Virgin Islands | Two distinct routes, and they differ on verification. (1) CONSUMER INTAKE: the Department of Licensing and Consumer Affairs (DLCA) online complaint form, https://secure.dlca.vi.gov/license/Asps/complaint/AddComplaint.aspx?Busseq (verified 200), linked from dlca.vi.gov and dlca.vi.gov/forms/. It requires no notarization and offers an explicit anonymous option. No downloadable complaint PDF is offered. (2) STATUTORY BOARD ROUTE: 27 V.I.C. Sec. 288(b) provides that the Virgin Islands Board of Architects, Engineers and Land Surveyors may consider charges 'upon its own motion or upon the verified complaint in writing of any person.' A private complaint the Board acts on must therefore be VERIFIED (sworn) and in writing. The Board sits within DLCA, so the online form is the practical front door, but an anonymous or unverified submission can support Board action only on the Board's own motion.Any person. 27 V.I.C. Sec. 288(b): the Board may act 'upon its own motion or upon the verified complaint in writing of any person.' No affected-party requirement, and the Board may also initiate on its own motion. | YesAccepted, with a dedicated checkbox on the online form. The form presents: 'Anonymous - Complainant providing information to DLCA only. [If you have checked this box, No need to provide Name/address/contact information.]' Checking it suppresses the otherwise-required First Name, Last Name, Address, City and Country fields. | Yes Yes. 27 V.I.C. Sec. 288(b): 'a copy of the charges, together with a notice of the time and place of the hearing, shall be personally served on, or mailed to the last known address of such licensee, at least twenty (20) days before the date fixed for the hearing,' and the licensee may 'cross-examine witnesses appearing against him.' Because a private complaint must be verified to be considered, the complainant is identified. Separately, complaint records are not exempt from public inspection (see public_records_status), so the respondent can also obtain them as a citizen. The one route that does not disclose an identity is the DLCA form's anonymous option, which supplies no identity to disclose. | 3 V.I.C. Sec. 881 (Examination of public records), Title 3 ch. 33; and 27 V.I.C. ch. 8 (Architects, Engineers, and Land Surveyors), which contains no confidentiality or records provision in any of its fourteen sections (Secs. 281, 282, 282a, 283, 283a, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292). Public, with no investigative-stage exemption for licensing boards. 3 V.I.C. Sec. 881(b) gives every citizen of the Territory the right to examine and copy all public records 'unless some other provision of the Code expressly limits such right or requires such records to be kept secret or confidential.' Sec. 881(a) defines public records to include the records of 'any department, board, council or committee of any branch of government,' which reaches DLCA and the Board. Sec. 881(g) then lists the classes that must be kept confidential - 14 enumerated items - and licensing-board complaint or investigation files are NOT among them; the nearest item, (g)(5), is limited to 'Peace officers investigative reports.' And the practice act supplies no limitation of its own: all 14 sections of 27 V.I.C. ch. 8 were enumerated and none concerns records or confidentiality. The only route to withholding is a court injunction under Sec. 881(h), which the statute directs be granted against a policy that 'free and open examination of public records is generally in the public interest, even though such examination may cause inconvenience or embarrassment.' |
| Utah | Online complaint through the DOPL services portal (https://services.dopl.utah.gov/, verified 200) or a downloadable PDF 'Complaint Form' (https://dopl.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/complaint-form.pdf) mailed to DOPL Investigations. Engineers are licensed under Utah Code tit. 58 ch. 22 and use the same division-wide complaint route; there is no separate engineering board form. The form is signed under a declaration of criminal penalty ('I declare under criminal penalty under the law of Utah that the foregoing is true and correct') but is NOT notarized.Board site blocks automated checks; this link could not be machine-verified. | YesNot addressed by DOPL. The complaint page does not mention anonymous filing; the PDF form requires the complainant's name, address and phone, a signed declaration under criminal penalty, and a certification 'that I am filing this complaint on my own behalf or I am the authorized representative filing the complaint on behalf of the complainant.' The form further warns 'I understand that my cooperation with the investigation is necessary and that the Division may close its investigation without sufficient cooperation.' Practically, the published form does not accommodate an anonymous filer, but DOPL nowhere states that anonymous complaints are refused. | not established — assume it may beNot established. DOPL does not publish a statement on whether the complainant's identity is given to the licensee. GRAMA gives the division a discretionary basis to withhold a source's identity - Utah Code Sec. 63G-2-305(10)(d) protects records whose release 'reasonably could be expected to disclose the identity of a source who is not generally known outside of government' - but that is a protection the agency may claim, not a guarantee, and no DOPL policy statement was located. | Utah Code Sec. 63G-2-305(10) (GRAMA, protected records) - the classification DOPL's statement rests on. Confirmed that Utah Code tit. 58 ch. 1 (Division of Professional Licensing Act) contains no complaint-record confidentiality provision; its only record-classification provisions concern applicant social security numbers (Sec. 63G-2-302(1)(i)). Not public. DOPL states flatly on its complaint page: 'By law, complaints concerning a violation of Utah's occupational and professional laws are not public information.' The complaint form separately advises that the complaint and documentation 'are records governed by the Utah Government Records Access and Management Act' and obtains the complainant's consent to disclosure 'for purposes related to an investigation by the Division.' |
| Vermont | Online only, through the OPR licensing platform. The page states: 'Complaints can be filed using our online platform. You may file as a guest, registered user or licensee. No registration is required.' The embedded portal link is https://secure.professionals.vermont.gov/prweb/PRServletCustom/app/NGLPGuestUser/V9csDxL3sXkkjMC_FR2HrA*/!STANDARD?UserIdentifier=ComplaintGuestUser (a Pega deployment-specific URL; the OPR page is given as the durable complaint URL). No notarization or sworn statement is mentioned anywhere in OPR's published complaint material.Anyone. OPR's complaint lifecycle guidance opens: 'Anyone can file a complaint with the Office of Professional Regulation (OPR) alleging unprofessional conduct or unauthorized practice of a profession.' | not establishedNot addressed by OPR anywhere that could be found - recorded as unresolved rather than as a refusal. Checked: the Complaints, Conduct & Discipline page; the OPR general FAQs; the March 2026 'What Happens with a Complaint' lifecycle guidance (which says only that 'Anyone can file a complaint'); and a search restricted to sos.vermont.gov and outside.vermont.gov, which surfaced no anonymity policy. Filing 'as a guest' means without a portal account, which is not anonymity. Note the statutory backdrop cuts toward protection of the complainant from the PUBLIC even where anonymity is not offered: 3 V.S.A. Sec. 131(c)(1)(A) excludes the complainant's identity from the public register. | Yes Effectively yes once a case is charged, by operation of discovery. 3 V.S.A. Sec. 131(e): 'The discovery rules for conduct complaints shall apply to and govern the provision of investigatory files to those charged with unprofessional conduct.' Before charging, OPR's guidance describes the investigator notifying the respondent of the complaint and possibly requesting a written response, but does not state whether the complainant is named at that stage. The complainant's identity is expressly excluded from the PUBLIC register under Sec. 131(c)(1)(A); that exclusion protects against public disclosure, not against disclosure to a charged respondent. | 3 V.S.A. Sec. 131 (Accessibility and confidentiality of disciplinary matters), as amended by 2025 Acts and Resolves No. 58, Sec. 14, eff. July 1, 2025. Closed except for a statutory public register. Sec. 131(c) requires a public register showing, for ALL complaints, only the date and nature of the complaint (expressly 'not including the identity of the licensee or the complainant') plus a summary of the completed investigation; the licensee's name, charges, findings and orders become public only for complaints that result in charges, stipulations or disciplinary action. Sec. 131(d) bars release of anything else. |
| Virginia | PDF complaint form (interactive/fillable or static print version) submitted by e-mail to ComplaintAnalysis@dpor.virginia.gov, by fax, or by mail. Form: https://www.dpor.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/FormsAndApplications/F701-COMPFRM.pdf (verified 200). Complaints against professional engineers go to DPOR's Compliance and Investigations Division, which serves the Board for Architects, Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors, Certified Interior Designers and Landscape Architects (APELSCIDLA). E-mail submissions over 20 MB require a secure upload link; physical storage media are destroyed without review. No notarization required. There is no fully online submission portal.Anyone. DPOR describes 'consumer reports against licensees' and 'Any report against a regulant'; no affected-party requirement is stated, and DPOR expressly contemplates reports filed without any identifying information. | YesAccepted with an explicit caveat and an explicit procedure. DPOR: 'NOTE: DPOR cannot guarantee anonymity. By law, all complaints received by DPOR are subject to public disclosure once a case is closed. Therefore, if you wish to file anonymously, please do not include any personal information on the reporting form or submit any supplemental documents that reveal your identity. While DPOR may accept anonymous reports against licensees, it will not proceed if the report lacks sufficient information to suggest a regulatory or criminal violation.' | Yes Yes - by public disclosure at case closure rather than by routine mid-case notification. DPOR states it 'cannot guarantee anonymity' and that all complaints become subject to public disclosure once the case closes, so a named complainant's identity is obtainable by the respondent (or anyone) from the closed file. Open cases are exempt from mandatory disclosure while active. | Va. Code Sec. 54.1-108 (Disclosure of official records), applying the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, Va. Code Sec. 2.2-3700 et seq. Exempt while the investigation is active; public once the file is closed. Closed disciplinary files, including closed files alleging criminal activity, are available for public review, subject to narrow carve-outs where release would jeopardize an ongoing investigation or a person's safety, cause a suspect to flee, or result in destruction of evidence. Consent Orders and Final Orders are subject to public disclosure. |
| Washington | Online form (a Formstack form embedded in the board's page, https://stofwadeptofenterpriseservices.formstack.com/forms/brpels_complaint_form, verified 200) or by e-mail. Complaints against professional engineers go to the Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors (BRPELS), which is a separate agency from the Department of Licensing; engineers do NOT appear in DOL's online professions complaint list. No notarization required. The board warns: 'Once a complaint is submitted, it cannot be withdrawn.'Anyone. The board 'accepts complaints against licensed Professional Engineers (PE), Professional Land Surveyors (PLS) and On-Site Wastewater Designers (OS), registrants and unlicensed practice'; no affected-party requirement is stated. | No Refused outright, in the board's own bolded italics: 'We do not accept anonymous complaints.' | Yes Yes, routinely and as a matter of stated process: 'During the investigation - The respondent will be notified and provided a copy of the complaint.' Because anonymous complaints are not accepted, the copy provided to the respondent identifies the complainant. | Ch. 42.56 RCW (Public Records Act), as cited by the board itself. No confidentiality provision for complaint records appears among the section headings of ch. 18.43 RCW (Engineers and Land Surveyors); RCW 18.43.180 applies the Uniform Regulation of Business and Professions Act, ch. 18.235 RCW. Public. The board states all complaint documents are public records potentially subject to disclosure under the Washington Public Records Act, ch. 42.56 RCW, with no investigative-stage exemption asserted on the page. |
| West Virginia | Verified (notarized) written complaint. Print form in Word and PDF (https://www.wvpebd.gov/Portals/WVPEBD/docs/Complaint_Form%20Third%20Party%20Template.pdf, verified 200) or an official online complaint form hosted by the WV State Treasurer's agency portal (https://agencies.wvsto.com/PEComplaintForm/, verified 200). The board states: 'All Complaints must be verified by the Complainant before a notary public.'Anyone, including entities. 7 W. Va. C.S.R. Sec. 7-2-2.1(b): 'A complaint may be submitted by any natural person or legal entity, any registered engineer, or any firm holding a certificate of authorization. A complaint may be submitted by the Board, a member of the Board staff, with or without direction from the Board, or a member of the Board. Charges may be based upon information received solely through investigative activities undertaken by the Board.' No affected-party requirement. | No Not possible. The rule requires verification before a notary: 7 W. Va. C.S.R. Sec. 7-2-2.1(a) 'Form. The form of complaints shall be determined by the Board. All complaints shall be in writing and verified by the complainant before a notary public.' A notarized complaint necessarily identifies the complainant, and the Board serves notice of the filing on every named respondent. The board does not use the word 'anonymous', but this is now a rule-based conclusion rather than an inference from web-page wording. | Yes Yes, by rule as well as by board practice. 7 W. Va. C.S.R. Sec. 7-2-2 (Notice to Respondent): 'The Board Administrator shall give notice of the filing of a complaint to any and all respondents named in the complaint. Such notice shall be by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the respondent at his, her, or its last known address or in a manner consistent with the rules for service of process under the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure.' The respondent then 'may file, within thirty days after service of the complaint, a responsive pleading.' The board's own page states the same in plainer terms: 'a copy of received and filed Complaint forms (and any attachments) will be provided to the individual or entity against whom the complaint is filed.' | W. Va. Code Sec. 30-13-11(d) (Records and reports); 7 W. Va. C.S.R. Sec. 7-2-2 (Complaints), filed June 22, 2004, effective July 23, 2004, promulgated under W. Va. Code Sec. 30-13-1 et seq. and Sec. 30-1-1 et seq. Confidential during the investigation; public after resolution. The board states complaint files are not public records until the matter has been resolved, and that on closure the complaint form, responses and resolution all become a matter of public record. |
| Wisconsin | Online complaint form through the DSPS licensing portal (https://license.wi.gov/s/public-complaint-form - the portal is linked from the DSPS page but returns HTTP 403 to automated clients), or the printable Complaint Form #102DLSC (https://dsps.wi.gov/Documents/102DLSC.pdf, verified 200) mailed to the Division of Legal Services and Compliance. Professional engineers are regulated by DSPS under Wis. Stat. ch. 443 and use this single department-wide route; select the 'Business' complaint category. No notarization or sworn statement required (the form contains no jurat).Anyone. DSPS invites complaints from consumers generally and accepts anonymous submissions; no affected-party requirement is stated. | YesAccepted, with an evidentiary caveat. DSPS complaint FAQ: 'Can I file a complaint anonymously? Yes, you may submit a complaint anonymously. The ability of the Department to respond to the complaint is related to the quality and quantity of the information provided. If we do not have the ability to make inquiries of the complainant, the allegations may be more difficult for the Department to prove. While we make every effort to honor a complainant's request for anonymity, our materials are subject to Open Records Laws.' | Yes Yes, in most cases, and DSPS says so plainly: 'Under Wisconsin's Open Records Law, Wisconsin Statute s.19.35, confidentiality cannot be guaranteed, and in most cases your name will be disclosed to the person or business complained of so they can respond to the matter.' | Wis. Stat. Sec. 19.35 (Wisconsin Open Records Law, right of access to public records), as cited by DSPS in its published complaint FAQ. Subject to the Wisconsin Open Records Law. DSPS states confidentiality cannot be guaranteed and that its complaint materials are subject to open-records disclosure; it does not assert an investigative-stage exemption in its published FAQ. |
| Wyoming | Written, signed complaint on the Board's own form. Board Rules ch. 6 Sec. 3(a)(i): 'Complaints shall be in writing, signed, and submitted to the Board on the form provided by the Board. Board staff may initiate complaints.' The board supplies a Word complaint form (https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Yi5SKj4IShTO0mYPmTBVgT0E-Jym8f3i, verified 200). No online submission and no notarization. Procedure detail is in the board's Complaint Chronology (https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B44jjniO2VZNR1F0VHhkTFhVS2FmWTBEZDU4UmF2a2I0VFB3/view) and, controllingly, in Board Rules ch. 6 (Procedure for Application, Licensure and Disciplinary Matters), effective July 1, 2025.Anyone. The board says 'If you have information regarding a violation of the Engineers and Surveyors Practice Act or Rules and Regulations you should notify the Board and/or file a complaint'; no affected-party requirement is stated. | No Not accepted. Board Rules ch. 6 Sec. 3(a)(i) requires complaints to be 'in writing, signed, and submitted to the Board on the form provided by the Board.' A signature requirement excludes an anonymous filing. The board does not use the word 'anonymous', so this remains a conclusion from the signature requirement rather than a stated refusal - but it now rests on a binding rule rather than on a guidance document's content list. | not established — assume it may beNot established as routine, and the rules point away from it. In the ordinary disciplinary path the Investigative Committee's Notice of Intent must 'Include a brief description of the facts or conduct which warrant the intended action' (Board Rules ch. 6 Sec. 5(a)(ii)(A)) - a summary, not the complaint itself. A COPY OF THE COMPLAINT is required only where summary suspension is recommended: ch. 6 Sec. 4(b)(ii)(A) requires the Notice of Intent to Recommend Summary Suspension to contain a 'Copy of the complaint.' Since complaints must be signed, that copy identifies the complainant. The rules neither require nor forbid disclosing the complaint in the ordinary path, so the routine practice is genuinely unestablished rather than affirmatively protective. | Wyo. Stat. Ann. Sec. 33-29-308 (Confidentiality of records); complaint procedure at Board Rules ch. 6 (Procedure for Application, Licensure and Disciplinary Matters), Secs. 3-9, effective July 1, 2025 (non-substantive change to ch. 6 April 2, 2026); statutory disciplinary authority at Wyo. Stat. Ann. Secs. 33-29-701 through 33-29-709. Confidential until the matter concludes, and permanently confidential if dismissed. Wyo. Stat. Ann. Sec. 33-29-308(a)(v) makes complaint and investigation files confidential and not public records 'until a formal hearing is concluded or until final disciplinary action is taken if no hearing is commenced'; Sec. 33-29-308(a)(iv) makes 'Investigative and disciplinary matters dismissed without action' confidential with no sunset. |
320 open questions across 55 jurisdictions. They are published because a reference whose limits are invisible is worse than one with none: a reader cannot tell a resolved question from an unasked one unless the unasked ones are named.
| Jurisdiction | Not established |
|---|---|
| Alabama | — Statutory text is board-attested (BELS Feb-2025 publication), not confirmed against a legislature-hosted code page; the legislature's ALISON portal could not be retrieved. Currency as of 2026-08-20 is not independently confirmed.— Whether § 34-11-9(a)(7) leaves an individual PE-licensure requirement in place was not established. |
| Alaska | — No self/parent/subsidiary or industrial exception to the firm certificate-of-authorization requirement is recorded; the survey did not establish whether one exists.— Access limitation, not a finding about the law: every HTML page on commerce.alaska.gov is behind a a commercial bot-protection device-check interstitial. automated retrieval and an automated browser all receive the interstitial rather than the page (Chrome returns ~1,550 bytes of a commercial bot-protection CAPTCHA iframe); web.archive.org is blocked for this tool. The Division's Investigations page, Complaint FAQs page and the AELS board page were therefore NEVER READ. Nothing here should be read as 'the Division is silent' on any point.— Static asset paths on the same host are NOT challenged: the board's own statutes-and-regulations PDF under /web/Portals/5/pub/ downloaded normally, and that is the source for every verified Alaska field above. Use that route for any Alaska follow-up.— Complaint_url and enforcement_url are paths returned by a search index and were not opened; marked url_verified false for that reason.— Whether the Division accepts an online or e-mailed complaint in place of a sworn written charge is not established, and the two could conflict - the statute is explicit that the charge be sworn.— No statute of limitations was found in AS 08.48 or 12 AAC 36 as compiled in the board's PDF. |
| Arizona | — The survey did not capture a provision making it unlawful for an unregistered INDIVIDUAL to offer to practice; the firm-level offering finding rests on the § 32-101(B)(13) definition of "Firm" read with § 32-141(A)'s "engage in the practice" language.— The survey did not establish whether the registrant principal or branch-office designated registrant must be an employee or may be a contractor.— No self/parent/subsidiary exception to firm registration is recorded; the survey did not establish whether one exists.— No statute of limitations located in A.R.S. Title 32, Chapter 1.— Btr.az.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated retrieval (bot protection). The page WAS successfully read with an automated browser, so the Arizona fields above come from the Board's own page; this note records the access method, not a gap in the findings. |
| Arkansas | — Statutory text is board-attested (2026 board handbook), not confirmed against a legislature-hosted code page; the Arkansas Code is behind LexisNexis and was not retrievable.— Direct URL of the downloadable complaint form not captured. The board's Forms page did not expose form hyperlinks to automated retrieval, and automated retrieval receives 403 from labor.arkansas.gov. The form's existence and formats (Word and PDF) are stated by the board; its URL is not.— Arkansas Attorney General FOIA opinions on licensing-board files were not consulted and could change the public-records conclusion. |
| California | — The survey did not capture a statutory DEFINITION of "practice of engineering" (e.g. BPC § 6731); the quoted § 6730 is the licensure command, not a definition.— The survey did not establish whether the licensed owner/partner/officer in charge under § 6738(a)(1) may be a contractor — the test quoted is ownership/officer status, not employment.— Whether a corrosion/CP-only firm has ANY California filing obligation outside § 6738 is not established; the survey established only that § 6738's scope is civil/electrical/mechanical.— Board mailing address not captured from the complaint page.— Anonymity and complainant-identity disclosure: board silent (see notes) - the board's own pages were read, so this is silence, not an access failure.— No statute of limitations located; the Professional Engineers Act itself was not read for one.— Www.bpelsg.ca.gov intermittently failed DNS resolution during this session; the complaint page and portal both returned HTTP 200 on retry and were read. |
| Colorado | — The quoted definition text is from the CRS 2024 volume; no 2025 or 2026 statute volume was retrievable (all OLLS filename variants 404). Forward currency rests on session-summary documents only.— The statutory basis for 'Colorado law does not permit Boards/Programs to release information regarding complaints where it has been determined that no public disciplinary action is warranted' was not identified. C.R.S. ss 12-20-403 and 12-120-207 were read and neither contains it. The Division's restatement is the only source.— Whether DORA publishes a board-action list for this board, and its URL, not verified. |
| Connecticut | — The quoted definitions text is from the CGA current-revision page; the page itself directs readers to the 2026 Supplement (revised to January 1, 2026) for statutes amended during the 2025 sessions, and the survey confirmed only that 2026 PA 26-100 does not touch § 20-299 — the 2026 Supplement text of § 20-299 itself was not opened.— Conn. Gen. Stat. s 1-210(b) (FOIA exemptions) was not read. It is the highest-value single item outstanding for this jurisdiction.— Direct URL of the General Consumer Complaint Form PDF not captured.— Whether DCP publishes engineering-board enforcement actions not verified. |
| Delaware | — No criminal penalty provision was examined. § 2825 ("Unlicensed practice") and § 2826 ("Injunctive relief") appear in the retrieved section list but their text was not quoted; whether the penalty is criminal is unestablished.— § 2821(b) permits an "officer or employee" to be the designated responsible-charge licensee; the survey did not establish whether a contractor could qualify, so the employment test is recorded as "employee" on the strength of that phrase alone.— Whether DAPE publishes a list of disciplinary actions was not established; the site exposes Council meeting minutes (https://dape.org/board/meeting-minutes/) but no enforcement-action page was found.— No statute of limitations located in 24 Del. C. Ch. 28. |
| District of Columbia | — 17 DCMR was not searched; a board rule imposing an entity requirement would not have surfaced. "No DC firm COA" is verified at the statutory level only.— No verbatim text captured for either DC exemption.— Criminal penalty section not located.— D.C. Code s 47-2853.16 was checked first and is the wrong section (display of license; change of address). Corrected: the subchapter's full section list has now been read.— The complaint form's own text (required fields, any anonymity or confidentiality notice) was not read - the helpdesk page renders client-side and returned no body text to automated retrieval. an automated browser was not tried against this host.— Whether DLCP publishes engineering enforcement actions not verified.— Board enforcement e-mail (as distinct from the general DLCP address) not captured; the board page obfuscates e-mail addresses. |
| Florida | — "active enforcement" is unmeasured — no case volumes or disciplinary counts were checked.— No statute of limitations located; s 455.225 sets none, and the Chapter 471 practice act was not read for one. |
| Georgia | — Because the definition text is missing, whether the definition is "broad" is untested and the "no CP exemption" element could not be tested at all.— NO exemption section was located, quoted, or examined. Whether Georgia has an industrial, in-house-employee, or public-utility exemption is entirely unestablished by this report.— No self/parent/subsidiary or industrial exception to the firm COA requirement is recorded; the survey did not establish whether one exists.— Board mailing address and enforcement contact not captured from an authoritative page. Search results offered two different Macon addresses (3920 Arkwright Road, Suite 195, and 237 Coliseum Drive) and the survey could not reconcile them against a Secretary of State page I had opened, so board_contact is left null rather than published wrong.— Whether the board publishes enforcement actions not verified.— The statute was read on Justia rather than an official Georgia source; the quoted text should be re-checked against a Georgia-published copy before publication. |
| Guam | — NO PUBLIC-LAW-LEVEL CONFIRMATION THAT CHAPTER 32 IS UNAMENDED SINCE 2015. What the survey has is (a) the Compiler's chapter file stamped COL1242015 and (b) the Compiler's Title 22 table of contents stamped COL 2025-12-23, captioned 'UPDATED THROUGH P.L. 38-050 (AUGUST 18, 2025)', still showing Chapter 32 at sections 32101-32129. That is consistent with no amendment but does not prove it - a compiler can lag, and a table of contents shows section ranges, not section text. the survey tried and failed to obtain an independent compilation: Justia's '2025 Guam Code' Chapter 32 PDF is the identical file (same 340,771-byte size, same extracted text, same COL1242015 stamp). the survey did NOT walk the Guam Legislature's public-law archive (archives.guamlegislature.gov) act by act for the 31st through 38th Legislatures, and the session's web-search budget was exhausted. Stated as an unresolved currency question, not as a finding that the text is stale.— PEALS BOARD RULES AND REGULATIONS NOT READ. The board's site references 'PEALS Board Rules and Regulations' and 'Rules of Professional Conduct' at /rules-law/peals-board-rules-and-regulations and /rules-law/rules-professional-conduct without direct PDF links on the page the survey fetched. Anything the regulations add on COA procedure, RME qualification, temporary-permit application, or the sec. 32126(c) ambiguity is unrecorded. RELATED AND UNRESOLVED: the tasking pointed at '22 GAR'. the survey saw a Compiler file titled '25 GAR PROFESSIONAL & VOCATIONAL REGULATIONS' at https://col.guamcourts.gov/sites/default/files/25GAR001.pdf in a search-result listing but did NOT open it, and did not establish whether the PEALS regulations sit in Title 22 GAR, Title 25 GAR, or elsewhere. No claim is made either way.— SEC. 32126(c) (construction management) IS RECORDED UNCONSTRUED. No Guam case law, attorney general opinion, or board rule interpreting it was located. Its literal reading conflicts with secs. 32102 and 32103(a)(6) and the survey does not choose between readings.— SECTIONS 32104-32118, 32120, 32121, 32127 AND 32128 WERE NOT READ IN FULL. the survey read the chapter's table of contents and then secs. 32102, 32103, 32119, 32122, 32123, 32124, 32125, 32126, 32127, 32128 and 32129 in full. The registration-mechanics sections (qualifications, examinations, seals, renewals, discipline) were not opened. Anything they contain bearing on residency, comity, or seal use by a temporary permittee is unrecorded.— The complaint form is a scanned 2011 PDF with no extractable text; its content was read by rendering both pages to images. The form's footer still shows a superseded address (East-West Business Center, Unit D-Suite 208, 718 No. Marine Drive, Upper Tumon) and the old website guam-peals.org; the current address above is taken from the board's live site.— No disciplinary-actions or enforcement page exists. Checked three ways: the site's full navigation, its sitemap (the only enforcement-related page is 'Hotline'), and a search restricted to peals.guam.gov and guam.gov, which returned the roster, hotline, law, rules-of-conduct, FAQ and forms pages but no enforcement or disciplinary listing. publishes_enforcement=false is a finding, not an unreached source.— Statute of limitations: none found. 22 GCA ch. 32 was downloaded and searched for complaint and confidentiality provisions; it was not searched exhaustively for a limitations period.— 'Anonymous not accepted' is inferred from the form's required fields, not stated by the board. |
| Hawaii | — § 464-13's dollar-threshold exemption was summarized, not quoted verbatim, and its "carve-backs" were not enumerated.— RICO-specific statutory confidentiality provision not located; the answer rests on RICO's own published FAQ and complaint form, with HRS s 92F-13 as a general backstop.— RICO phone number and enforcement e-mail not captured.— No statute of limitations stated by RICO. |
| Idaho | — § 54-1223(1)(a)-(e) were summarized rather than quoted verbatim, so their exact scope is not transcribable.— Anonymity and complainant-identity disclosure not addressed by DOPL.— Whether an IDAPA rule overrides the s 74-106(9) exemption for this board was not checked - this is the highest-value outstanding item for Idaho.— Idaho Code s 54-1220 was read and covers disciplinary penalties only; no complaint or confidentiality provision was located in the engineering practice act.— Enforcement-action publication URL not verified.— No statute of limitations located. |
| Illinois | — No criminal penalty provision was examined or cited. the survey noted that continued operation after a terminated registration is "prosecutable as unlicensed practice" but does not establish whether the penalty is criminal.— 225 ILCS 325/3(e)(1) and (e)(6) were summarized or partially quoted rather than reproduced in full.— Anonymity not addressed by IDFPR.— What the respondent is shown during an investigation is not stated in 20 ILCS 2105/2105-117; the Professional Engineering Practice Act (225 ILCS 325) was not read for a service-of-complaint provision.— No statute of limitations located. |
| Indiana | — Statute_of_limitations not established. IC 25-1-7 (the complaint chapter) contains no limitation period; IC 25-31 (professional engineers) was not read section by section. |
| Iowa | — Whether § 542B.26(1)(a)'s exemption, written for "corporations," reaches LLCs and partnerships is flagged by the survey as an open reading ("literally read" it does not), not resolved.— The survey did not capture a statutory provision making mere OFFERING to practice a regulated act; the offering finding rests on the administrative rule IAC 193C-8.5, whose title and subrule (5) address business entities "holding themselves out to the public."— Statute_of_limitations not established; Iowa Code chapter 272C and Iowa Admin. Code 193C ch. 9 contain no filing limitation period that I located.— Dial.iowa.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated retrieval without a full browser header set. This is an access obstacle only, not a source silence: contact details were read from https://dial.iowa.gov/contacts/engineering-land-surveying, and the enforcement URL was subsequently retrieved with an automated browser and confirmed by page title to be 'Discipline Documents for Licenses | Department of Inspections, Appeals, & Licensing'. The board landing page https://dial.iowa.gov/about-dial/boards-and-commissions/engineering-land-surveying was not needed for any field recorded here, all of which rest on Iowa Code 272C.6, Iowa Admin. Code 193C ch. 9, and the complaint portal itself. |
| Kansas | — The four K.S.A. 74-7033 exemptions are paraphrased in the survey, not quoted verbatim.— No enforcement statistics were measured (contrast Louisiana).— The board's own website (ksbtp.ks.gov) was not opened — Akamai "Access Denied"; board name rests on the statute plus search-result titles.— Statute_of_limitations not established; K.S.A. 74-7026 and 74-7027 contain no limitation period and the board's pages state none.— The board site sits behind commercial bot protection and returns HTTP 403 to clients lacking a full browser header set. The form URL verified 200 and its text was read only after supplying Sec-Fetch-* and Upgrade-Insecure-Requests headers; expect intermittent 403 responses from scripted clients.— The board's published disciplinary reports are periodic PDFs, and the most recent posted as of 2026-08-20 is the 'December 2023 Disciplinary Report.' |
| Kentucky | — KRS 322.020 (the licensure prohibition) was not quoted, so the survey supplies no verbatim text establishing that offering to practice is itself a regulated act.— The other five exceptions in KRS 322.030 are counted but not quoted or itemized.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— Statute_of_limitations not established; KRS chapter 322 was not read section by section for a limitation period.— The board states the file is open-records material but does not separately describe when or whether the complaint is furnished to the respondent during investigation; the disclosure conclusion follows from the board's open-records statement rather than from a distinct board statement about respondent notice. |
| Louisiana | — The site published no citation at all for its Louisiana entry, so site_citation_as_published is null.— La. R.S. 37:701(A) (subprofessional work) is quoted only as two fragments; the full subsection text is not in the survey.— LAPELS staff and organization pages (https://www.lapels.com/Staff.html and /About.html) both returned HTTP 500, so the survey "cannot confirm or deny an internal staff unit by that name" — the existence of an internal enforcement 'division' is unresolved, not disproven.— Identity_disclosed_to_respondent unresolved for the investigative stage. This is source silence, not an access failure: lapels.com served every document requested, and the board's own rules (LAC 46:LXI, 54 pp.) delegate the entire subject to the licensure law and the Louisiana APA without addressing complainant identity. See identity_disclosure_note.— Statute_of_limitations not established. There is no filing limitation in La. R.S. 37:698 or 37:700. Related but distinct: La. R.S. 37:698(F) requires that charges, once preferred, 'shall be heard by the board or a hearing committee designated by the board within twelve months after the date on which they shall have been preferred,' extendable by consent of both the board and the charged party. That is a hearing deadline, not a limit on filing. |
| Maine | — The Revisor's page states "Data for this page extracted on 10/20/2025 14:32:56", so the text reflects Maine law as of 2025-10-20, not the 2026-08-20 audit date; the survey explicitly does not assert the absence of a 2026 amendment.— The other seven §1255 exemption categories are described but not quoted verbatim.— No verbatim text establishing that offering to practice is itself a regulated act.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— Statute_of_limitations not established; 32 M.R.S. ch. 19 and 10 M.R.S. 8003 contain no filing limitation period that I located.— The board reports discipline in its newsletter and to the NCEES Enforcement Exchange rather than maintaining a standing public register. The enforcement_url is the board's News & Reports page where the newsletter is posted, verified by status code only. |
| Maryland | — The mgaleg StatuteText page prints no effective date or amendment history, so no last-amended date can be quoted for § 14-101; the survey declines to assert one.— The site's "active enforcement" characterization was not verified — no Maryland disciplinary register was retrieved; neither confirmed nor disproven.— § 14-403 (the managing-agent employment requirement) is paraphrased in the survey, not quoted verbatim.— No verbatim text establishing that offering to practice is itself a regulated act.— Statute_of_limitations not established; Md. Code Ann., Bus. Occ. & Prof. Title 14 was not read section by section, and the board's pages state none.— The board asserts complaints are disclosable once closed but does not identify the Public Information Act exemption relied on while a complaint is open; that citation was not established. |
| Massachusetts | — The survey gives no amendment history or effective date for M.G.L. c.112 § 81D — only that the official site shows no repealer or amendment note.— Mass.gov returned HTTP 403 to automated retrieval (site-level bot block), so the board's own "Register an engineering and land surveying firm in Massachusetts" page and 250 CMR 5.00 could not be opened or quoted.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— CONFIDENTIALITY PARTLY UNRESOLVED, AND THE SILENCE IS THE SOURCES' OWN. (b) Whether the complainant's identity reaches the respondent is not stated in any Massachusetts source read. (c) The public-records STAGE is not stated either; what is now established is the narrower and firmer negative that no board-level or DOL-level confidentiality rule exists, because 250 CMR 2.00 and 250 CMR 7.00 were both retrieved and read end to end and neither contains one. This is still the weakest jurisdiction in the set, but the weakness is now located: the Commonwealth publishes no stage rule for occupational-board complaint files, leaving it to a record-by-record Public Records Law analysis.— Two live mass.gov pages give conflicting filing instructions - electronic-only versus a downloadable form by mail or fax. Both were fetched on 2026-08-20.— Disciplinary information is surfaced through the Check a License search rather than a standing register, and covers only actions resulting from complaints received since June 30, 1993; actions still pending before a board are not shown.— Mass.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated retrieval without a full browser header set. All Massachusetts pages cited here were nonetheless retrieved successfully, via automated retrieval with browser headers and via an automated browser, and their contents read. |
| Michigan | — Michigan.gov/lara returned HTTP 403; the LARA attribution rests on the compiler's note and search-result metadata, not on a page the survey read.— The other four MCL 339.2012 exemptions are described but not quoted verbatim.— No verbatim text establishing that offering to practice is itself a regulated act.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— Anonymous_accepted rests on two LARA documents that conflict - the Citizen's Guide accepts but discourages, while Filing an Allegation requires a signature. Not reconciled.— No Michigan statute or rule making occupational-licensing complaints confidential was located; the FOIA citation above is the general exemption an agency would assert, not a board-specific rule.— The enforcement_url was verified by status code only; the survey contents were not read. |
| Minnesota | — Mn.gov/aelslagid/firms.html and the mn.gov/elicense firm page both redirected the survey into a a commercial bot-protection bot-validation URL and could not be opened; the statement that board firm registration is not required unless the firm is registered with the Secretary of State as a Professional Firm comes from mn.gov content surfaced in search results, not a page the survey read.— § 326.03 subds. 4 and 5 are paraphrased, not quoted verbatim in full.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— Statute_of_limitations not established; the board's pages and Minn. Stat. 326.111 state none that I located.— THIS BOARD RESTRUCTURED ITS SITE AND REVISED ITS COMPLAINT POLICY DURING THIS REVIEW, AND THE OLD URLS FAIL SILENTLY. mn.gov/aelslagid/complaints.html and mn.gov/aelslagid/enforcement.html both still return HTTP 200 but now serve the board's HOME page, so a status-code check passes while the content is wrong. Both were caught only by comparing the returned page title against the expected subject. The URLs recorded here are the current .jsp pages, verified by title. Anyone re-checking this record must verify content, not status.— Mn.gov serves its /assets/ PDFs only when a Referer header from the linking page is supplied; without it both current PDFs return HTTP 404. They were retrieved and read with the Referer set. |
| Mississippi | — § 73-13-49(1)(d)(v) is quoted only partially ("All fixed works, equipment, systems, processes or facilities modified by such services undergo a safety review…"), so whether the industrial exemption retains a PE-responsible-charge condition cannot be determined from the survey; retains_pe_responsible_charge is null.— The board had not posted the 2026 statutory text as of the audit; the only full statutory text on pepls.ms.gov is captioned "Effective July 1, 2019".— No verbatim text establishing that offering to practice is itself a regulated act.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— Identity_disclosed_to_respondent is established from the board's rules, not from any board statement addressing the question directly; the board publishes no plain-language answer for a prospective complainant.— Statute_of_limitations not established; the board's rules and complaint page state none.— Two different board email addresses appear on current board materials - information@pepls.ms.gov in the site footer, information@pepls.state.ms.us on the complaint page and form. Not reconciled.— The enforcement_url was verified by status code only; its contents were not read. |
| Missouri | — The § 327.181 definition is quoted "in relevant part," not in full.— A new version of § 327.011 takes effect 2026-08-28 (2026 S.B. 1233), eight days after the audit; the survey states anything else the site says about RSMo ch. 327 should be re-checked after that date.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— Anonymous_accepted conflicts with the board web page's 'All complaints must be signed.' Not reconciled.— Statute_of_limitations not established; Chapter 327, RSMo was not read section by section.— The complaint form PDF at https://pr.mo.gov/boards/apelsla/375-0521.pdf returns HTTP 200 with content-type application/pdf but is encrypted in a way pypdf cannot open, so its field-level text was not read. The method and signature description above come from the board's Complaints page and Consumer Complaint Guide, not from the form itself. |
| Montana | — No verbatim text establishing that offering to practice is itself a regulated act — 37-67-101(7) and 37-67-328 both speak of practicing or engaging in practice, not offering.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— The audit did not examine Montana's administrative code for CP-related rules, nor board declaratory rulings or advisory opinions.— The "no cathodic/corrosion" finding rests on reading the exemption section and the definitions section in full, not on a whole-code text search (contrast Nevada and New Jersey).— Statute_of_limitations not established; MCA Title 37, chapter 1, part 3 contains no filing limitation period that I located.— No Montana statute makes licensing complaints confidential. The confidential-during-investigation position is the department's stated practice resting on constitutional privacy balancing, which is weaker than a statutory bar and is expressly subject to a court order to release.— The enforcement_url is the DLI license search the department itself points to for disciplinary information; it was verified by status code only, not exercised against a live record. |
| Nebraska | — 14 of the 17 subdivisions of § 81-3453 were read but are not quoted; only (7), (13) and (16) appear verbatim.— The survey did not characterize whether § 81-3453(7) or (13) retains a PE-responsible-charge requirement; both retains_pe_responsible_charge fields are null.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— The audit did not examine Nebraska's administrative code for CP-related rules, nor board declaratory rulings or advisory opinions.— Anonymous_accepted is inferred from the complaint form's signature and complainant blocks and from the Rule 8.1.4 substitute route; the board nowhere states a position on anonymity in terms.— Statute_of_limitations: no filing limitation period exists. Established affirmatively by reading the complete 61-page 2026 Nebraska E&A Regulation Act Handbook (https://ea.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/NBEA_Handbook.pdf), which contains both the Act and the Rules; the only 'limitation' provisions in it concern trade names and examination time limits. |
| Nevada | — The exception in NRS 625.095(2)(a) for "work of a type prescribed pursuant to NRS 703.1543" was not itself retrieved or quoted, so the scope of the carve-back on the utility exemption is unresolved.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— The audit examined NAC 625 (for the firm question) but not board declaratory rulings or advisory opinions.— Anonymous_accepted unresolved - checked the complaints page, the complaint form, the Rules of Practice and Procedure PDF, and NRS 625; none addresses anonymous complaints.— Identity_disclosed_to_respondent unresolved - no express board statement on whether the complainant's name is provided to the respondent during investigation.— The 2023 PDF complaint form still prints the retired address board@boe.state.nv.us; the live page and site footer both give board@nvbpels.nv.gov. Use the latter.— Publishes_enforcement recorded false: a full link inventory of nvbpels.org on 2026-08-20 found no disciplinary-action listing. The Board states sanctions 'become a public record and reported to the national database maintained by NCEES.' |
| New Hampshire | — No verbatim text establishing that offering to practice is itself a regulated act.— The RSA 310-A:2, III definition is quoted with a trailing ellipsis in the survey, so the tail of paragraph III is not captured.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— The audit did not examine New Hampshire's administrative code for CP-related rules, nor board declaratory rulings or advisory opinions.— The "no cathodic/corrosion" finding rests on reading the exemption and definitions sections in full, not on a whole-code text search.— The engineers' Board Actions page currently lists only 2017 and 2019 documents; OPLC states it retains disciplinary documents on the site for 7 years and directs users to the state Online License Verification for a licensee's full discipline history.— Oplc.nh.gov returns HTTP 403 to default automated fetches; all NH pages here were retrieved with a full browser header set on 2026-08-20. |
| New Jersey | — The § 45:8-28 text was retrieved through the database's 400-character keyword-in-context search rendering plus the amending session law rather than a single continuous document view (the two agree), and the quote carries internal ellipses.— No enforcement statistics were measured.— The audit did not examine New Jersey's administrative code for CP-related rules, nor board declaratory rulings or advisory opinions.— Njconsumeraffairs.gov serves .aspx pages behind a commercial bot-protection/Incapsula bot protection and no HTML page on that host could be read by automated fetch. PDFs on the same host ARE served, so the complaint form itself was fetched and read in full.— The enforcement-actions page /pels/Pages/actions.aspx was verified to EXIST by HTTP HEAD (200, text/html) against a control path (/pels/Pages/complaints.aspx) that correctly returned 404; its CONTENT was not read. Treat publishes_enforcement as existence-verified, not content-verified.— The complaint-form cover sheet is dated 2/8/05 and in one sentence says 'the Committee' rather than 'the Board' (shared DCA boilerplate). It is the current form in the Division's complaint-forms directory.— Statute_of_limitations not established from statute. N.J.S.A. 45:1-21 was not read: the New Jersey Legislature's own statute host returned 404 on the paths tried, and the commercial mirrors that do respond were deliberately not used as a citation source. This is an unchecked source, NOT a finding that no limitation period exists. |
| New Mexico | — Report supplies no enforcement measurement (case counts, disciplinary volume).— Report supplies no verbatim text for the architect-incidental-practice exemption at 61-23-22(A) or the rural electric distribution cooperative exemption at 61-23-22(C); only their existence is recorded.— Statute_of_limitations not established; the NM Engineering and Surveying Practice Act (NMSA ch. 61, art. 23) and NMAC Title 16 were not read in this pass.— The confidentiality authority is the Board's own published complaint packet plus IPRA generally; no Practice Act section expressly making investigation records confidential was located. |
| New York | — § 7208 paragraph designators could not be reconciled between nysenate.gov (lettered a–p) and op.nysed.gov (numbered), so the (l) and (j) designators recorded here are the nysenate.gov rendering only.— UNLICENSED-PRACTICE ROUTE: it is the SAME form and the SAME office, not a separate route. The OPD Professional Discipline Complaint Form is captioned 'To complain about service or treatment by a licensed professional, or about illegal practice of a profession by an unlicensed person.' The differences are jurisdictional and downstream, not at intake - OP investigates illegal practice in ALL licensed professions including medicine (whereas misconduct by physicians goes to DOH's Office of Professional Medical Conduct), and 'Cases of illegal (unlicensed) practice may be handled administratively, or they may be referred after investigation to the State Attorney General for criminal prosecution' (unlicensed practice is a felony in New York). A separate telephone/email intake for unlicensed-practice information exists at (518) 474-3817 ext. 330 / dplsdsu@nysed.gov.— The State Board for Engineering, Land Surveying and Geology does not operate its own complaint route; discipline for engineers is centralized in OPD.— Anonymous_accepted and identity_disclosed_to_respondent are both unresolved because OP publishes nothing on either - a genuine source silence, not a fetch failure. Every relevant source was retrieved and read end to end: the Professional Misconduct Enforcement page, the Enforcement FAQ, the complaint-form instructions page, and the two-page complaint form PDF itself (5,571 characters, scanned in full - zero occurrences of 'confidential', 'anonym' or 'public'; the single 'disclos' hit is in the medical-records Authorization, unrelated to complainant identity). |
| North Carolina | — Report does not state whether merely offering engineering services is itself a regulated act at the firm level; G.S. 89C-24 as quoted addresses only engaging in the practice.— The site's "active enforcement program" claim is recorded as statutorily authorized but empirically unverified — no case counts or disciplinary volume were measured.— The Board's own navigation carries a second, non-canonical form of the disciplinary-search link (http://memberbase.com/... , one 's' missing). The working address is https://www.membersbase.com/ncbelsDiscDoc/DiscSearch.aspx (verified 200).— The Board notes matters of boundary dispute or failure to fulfil a contractual obligation are outside its jurisdiction. |
| North Dakota | — Report supplies no enforcement measurement (case counts, disciplinary volume).— RESOLVED 2026-08-20: an earlier version of this record left public_records_status as an inference from the absence of an exemption and warned against publishing it. NDCC ch. 44-04 has since been read in full and supplies an affirmative answer, including an exemption (44-04-18.17) that names the complainant's name as something it does NOT protect. The finding is now sourced, not inferred.— One interpretive question remains and is deliberately not resolved here: whether a complaint to the engineering board is a 'consumer complaint' within NDCC 44-04-18.17. The text does not define the term. This does not change the answer - the complainant's name is unprotected on either reading - but a filer told 'your name is public' deserves to know the reasoning rests on a convergence of two branches rather than one squarely on-point holding. No ND Attorney General open-records opinion was consulted.— Identity_disclosed_to_respondent recorded null for the board's routine INVESTIGATIVE practice only; see identity_disclosure_note, since the records-law exposure is established.— An earlier version of this record cited 'NDAC 20:38' for North Dakota. That is South Dakota's rule title, carried over in error. North Dakota's board rules are NDAC Title 28; that is what was read.— Publishes_enforcement recorded false: the Board's Disciplinary Process page carries only two process flowcharts and no list of actions; no disciplinary-action listing was found on ndpelsboard.org. |
| Northern Mariana Islands | — Currency beyond 2018 is not independently confirmed. The Law Revision Commission per-section PDFs carry source notes through PL 19-77 (Jan. 14, 2017), and the regulations through the 2018 amendments (40 Com. Reg. 40865, July 28, 2018). the survey did not find a Fono public-law index or a searchable Commonwealth Register covering 2018-2026 that would let me rule out a later amendment to 4 CMC §§ 3101-3222 or to NMIAC Chapter 125-20. Treat these citations as current-as-compiled, not verified-through-2026.— The criminal grade is not stated because the statute does not state it. 4 CMC § 3218(c) gives the fine and imprisonment maxima but no misdemeanor/felony label, and 6 CMC was not opened. Recording the maxima rather than inferring a grade.— 4 CMC § 3218(c) punishes violation of "this Chapter," i.e. Chapter 2 (§§ 3211-3222). Unlicensed practice violates § 3212, which is inside Chapter 2, so the penalty reaches it. the survey did not locate a separate penalty provision attached to Chapter 1 (§§ 3101-3112), whose § 3101 states the parallel prohibition. If a prosecution were ever brought on § 3101 alone the penalty hook would need to be re-checked.— No enforcement history was researched. Whether the Board has ever prosecuted or referred an unlicensed-practice matter to the Attorney General under 4 CMC § 3219(e) is unknown.— Fee figures quoted from NMIAC § 125-20.1-401 ($100 COA application, $250 COA issuance, $200 biennial COA renewal) are from the July 28, 2018 amendments and may be stale; the rule itself says examination fees "will automatically change without notice" when NCEES raises them.— Cnmilicensing.gov.mp, the board's own site, was read only for the board's self-styled name and the list of professions it regulates. No regulatory content in this record depends on it.— No disciplinary-actions or enforcement list was found on the board's website; publishes_enforcement recorded false on that basis, not on a board statement.— Statute of limitations: none found in 4 CMC Sec. 3219 or NMIAC Sec. 125-20.1-1005; 4 CMC Division 3 was not searched exhaustively.— The e-mail address printed on the 2022 complaint form (cnmi@cnmibpl-hcplb.net) and the website it names (cnmibpl-hcplb.net) belong to the board's former domain and were NOT verified as live; the board's current site is cnmilicensing.gov.mp. Confirm the e-mail address by phone before relying on it. bpl.gov.mp and cnmibpl.com do not resolve and have no Internet Archive captures.— The board's mailing address and phone were cross-checked against the NCEES member licensing board directory, which lists the same P.O. Box 502078 / Pohnpei Ct. Bldg. 1242 address and (670) 664-4809, and which is where the cnmilicensing.gov.mp URL was found. |
| Ohio | — Report supplies no enforcement measurement (case counts, disciplinary volume).— Report does not address whether a certificate-holding firm's PE must be an employee, full-time employee, or contractor.— Exact character-for-character wording of ORC 4733.16 and 4733.18(B)(2) is unconfirmed — both are fetch-relay quotes of the official page, not local extracts.— Publishes_enforcement recorded false: no disciplinary-action listing was located on peps.ohio.gov (the site is an IBM WebSphere portal whose navigation is script-rendered; About, Help Center and Complaint and Enforcement pages were read and none links to an actions list). Ohio disciplinary status may be visible through the eLicense license lookup - NOT verified in this pass.— METHOD CORRECTION 2026-08-20: an earlier version of this record claimed 'ORC ch. 4733 read in full'. What had actually been fetched was the chapter TABLE OF CONTENTS, which carries no statutory text, so the zero-hit confidentiality scan behind that claim proved nothing. A first re-run also proved nothing - most sections came back HTTP 429 and the scan silently reported zero hits over rate-limit stubs. The chapter has now genuinely been read section by section under a content gate, as described in public_records_status.— Anonymous_accepted unresolved - genuinely silent, not unfetched: the board's complaint page was read in full and all 33 statute sections were scanned for 'anonym' with zero hits.— The Board notes it has no jurisdiction to discipline unlicensed persons; for unlicensed practice it may seek a settlement agreement, an injunction, or criminal prosecution. |
| Oklahoma | — Exemptions array is empty because the survey supplies no verbatim text for any of the five exceptions in 59 O.S. § 475.22 — it lists them by subject only (other legally recognized professions; temporary licensure for nonresidents; employees/subordinates under direct supervision; material takeoff; agents of a purchaser of surveying services). The material finding is the ABSENCE of a utility/industrial/owner exemption, recorded in notable_findings.— Report supplies no enforcement measurement. The site's "Active board" claim is validated only by the board's statutory re-creation to July 1, 2031 under the Sunset Law, not by case counts or disciplinary volume.— Notarization_required left null: neither the enforcement page nor the portal landing page states whether a sworn or notarized complaint is required, and the portal form itself is script-rendered and could not be read.— The Board's old domain www.pels.ok.gov no longer resolves; the site is now oklahoma.gov/pes.html.— The How to File a Complaint page carries a mismatched mailto (mcaruthers@pels.ok.gov) behind the displayed address rdaniels@pels.ok.gov. Use the displayed address or the portal.— Publishes_enforcement verified by opening the February 2025 Board's Bulletin and confirming a 'DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS' section naming licensees, case numbers and sanctions; the bulletin is the publication vehicle, there is no standalone actions page.— CORRECTION APPLIED 2026-08-20: an earlier version of this record stated 'No confidentiality provision was located in the Board's enforcement materials' and classified Oklahoma as generally open. That was drawn from the board's web pages only; 59 O.S. section 475.10(E) does supply a discretionary confidentiality provision covering on-going investigation files and closed complaints, and it has now been read verbatim from the Board's own posting of the statute.— Statute_of_limitations still not established: section 475.10 and sections 475.19-475.20 were read, but 59 O.S. sections 475.1-475.22 were not read end to end, and OAC Title 245 was not read at all.— Because section 475.10(E) is permissive ('may be kept confidential'), it does not answer whether the Board in practice withholds a given complaint. Whether a named complainant's identity would be released on an Open Records Act request is therefore unresolved, and the Board's own 'most documents are public record' warning is the only complainant-facing guidance. |
| Oregon | — Report supplies no enforcement measurement.— Report does not state whether merely offering engineering services is a regulated act for individuals; the ORS 672.005(1) definition is keyed to work "done for others" and the survey did not analyze offering. (ORS 672.060(4) does regulate out-of-state firms' offers.)— The Disciplinary Actions page now states that actions 'have recently moved to the online Public Search tool' and directs users to search by licensee name or number, with actions shown under the Details link. The page URL remains the Board's canonical pointer and resolves, but it is a pointer, not a list.— Access limitation, not a finding about the law: the text of OAR 820-015-0010 was NOT read directly. The Oregon Secretary of State OARD rule viewer defeated all three methods tried - automated retrieval returned a 200 with no rule text (the page is script-rendered), automated retrieval returned an unrelated chapter, and an automated browser returned 0 bytes against both the viewSingleRule and view.action?ruleNumber forms. The rule citation and its substance are therefore taken from the Board's own enforcement page, which cites 'OAR 820-015-0010, subsections 1 and 2' by number and states the proposition. Anyone republishing the rule text itself must open it in a browser first.— Statute_of_limitations not established; ORS 672.002-672.325 and OAR ch. 820 were not read in this pass. |
| Pennsylvania | — Report supplies no enforcement measurement.— Report does not state any exceptions to the § 6 (63 P.S. § 153) firm-practice restriction.— Anonymous_accepted and identity_disclosed_to_respondent both unresolved for the complaint itself - a genuine source silence, not a fetch failure. The guidance page, the FAQ and the three-page Statement of Complaint PDF were all retrieved and read in full; the form contains zero occurrences of 'anonym', and its two 'confidential' hits are both the 63 Pa.C.S. section 3109 investigation notice, which is about the Department's file rather than the complainant's identity.— The State Registration Board for Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors and Geologists' own mailing address and direct phone were NOT separately verified in this pass; only the Department of State Professional Compliance Office contact points, which are the correct destination for a complaint, were verified.— PALS deep link https://www.pals.pa.gov/#!/page/filecomplaint uses a client-side fragment; the host was verified 200 and the fragment is the link the Department itself publishes. |
| Puerto Rico | — LITIGATION HISTORY OVER COLEGIACION NOT ESTABLISHED. The tasking noted that the CIAPR/Junta relationship has been litigated. the survey established the CURRENT statutory allocation of roles from the primary texts (Ley 319 Secs. 1-4, 12; Ley 173 Arts. 2, 5, 34, 36) but did NOT locate or read any judicial opinion on compulsory colegiacion for engineers. The session's web-search budget was exhausted (200 of 200 calls used) before case law could be searched, and the survey declines to reason by analogy from the Colegio de Abogados history. This is an explicit gap, NOT a finding that there is no litigation.— LEY 74-1998 IS BOARD-ATTESTED ONLY AND COULD NOT BE RECONCILED. The Department of State's board page lists Ley 74 of 1998 among the amendments to Ley 173 ('as amended (in 1997, Act 185; 1998, Act 74, 1999, Acts 047 and 104)'). NEITHER compilation the survey read - the Department's own hosted PDF nor CIAPR's - carries any 1998 amendment note anywhere in the text. the survey did not locate Ley 74-1998. It does not affect any article quoted in this record, all of whose amendment chains are internally consistent across both compilations.— NO AMENDMENT AFTER LEY 94-2016 WAS FOUND, BUT THE NEGATIVE IS NOT PROVEN. Both compilations consulted are static documents. the survey attempted the Oficina de Gerencia y Presupuesto Biblioteca Virtual (bvirtual.ogp.pr.gov), was returned a 301 redirect to https://bvirtualogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/ompr/ , and did not follow it to a compiled Ley 173 within the session. No official consolidated L.P.R.A. was reached. Currency for the period 2016-2026 is therefore unverified.— WHICH AGENCY MAINTAINS THE 'REGISTRO DE SOCIEDADES PROFESIONALES' IS UNRESOLVED. Art. 22 conditions partnership practice on the entity appearing in 'el correspondiente Registro de Sociedades Profesionales', but Art. 10 (Registro) describes only registers of individual licensees, trainees, associates and retirees. the survey searched Reglamento 9274 for 'sociedad' (7 hits, all read) and found no registry procedure, fee, or application form. Whether this register is kept by the Junta, by the Departamento de Estado's Registro de Corporaciones, or by CIAPR was not established and is not inferred.— ART. 11's RESIDENCY REQUIREMENT WAS NOT READ IN ITS OWN WORDS. The statement that Ley 173 Art. 11 requires a licensed engineer to be a Puerto Rico resident is taken from the Board's Reglamento 9274 Apendice B, which characterizes Art. 11. the survey did not open and read Art. 11 (20 L.P.R.A. sec. 711g) itself, and Art. 11 was amended three times after 1997 (Ley 47-1999, Ley 180-2007 art. 6, Ley 190-2012 art. 2). The requirement is reported as the Board characterizes it, not as verified statutory text.— NO ENGLISH-LANGUAGE OFFICIAL TEXT EXISTS FOR THE QUOTED PROVISIONS. All English renderings of Arts. 4(a), 27, 33 and of Ley 319 Sec. 3 in this record are the survey's translations and are labeled as such wherever they appear. The Department of State publishes an English paraphrase of Art. 2 on its board page, which the survey did not treat as statutory text.— There is no complaint page, no complaint form and no online complaint route published by the Junta. complaint_url is the board's own page (verified live); the actual procedure lives only in Reglamento 9274 Art. X.— Ethics-canon complaints filed with the Junta by private citizens or government agencies are REFERRED OUT. Reglamento 9274 Art. VIII: 'En el caso de querellas por violaciones eticas radicadas ante la Junta por ciudadanos particulares o por agencias del Gobierno, la Junta las referira prontamente al Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico para ser vistas en primera instancia por el Tribunal Disciplinario y de Etica Profesional de dicho Colegio, en deferencia a las prerrogativas para la evaluacion de la conducta etica de sus miembros que le otorga al Colegio la Ley 319 del 15 de mayo de 1938, segun enmendada.' A complainant alleging an ethics violation should expect the matter to go to CIAPR's disciplinary tribunal first. CIAPR's own filing route was not researched.— The 3-year/10-year limitation is stated in the regulation's ethics-canons framework; whether it governs non-ethics complaints (for example unlicensed practice) was not established.— No published register of disciplinary actions was found. Checked the board's own page in full and a search restricted to estado.pr.gov and docs.pr.gov, which returned the board page, the juntas index and several reglamentos (9274, 7749, 6575) but no sanctions or disciplinary listing. publishes_enforcement=false rests on that, not on a board statement that it does not publish.— Whether the complaint file becomes public after the matter concludes is not addressed by the regulation, and Puerto Rico's public-records framework was not consulted. |
| Rhode Island | — Report supplies no enforcement measurement.— Report supplies no verbatim text for the manufacturing exemption at § 5-8-21(6) or the R&D exemption at § 5-8-21(7); only their existence is recorded.— TWO-BOARD CHECK (asked specifically): Rhode Island's Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Board of Registration for Professional Land Surveyors are separate boards, but they share ONE consolidated complaint intake run by the State Building Office within DBR's Division of Building, Design and Fire Professionals. The route captured here is the engineering route because the form requires selecting 'Professional Engineers' from the design-professional radio group; there is no engineer-only complaint form.— Notarization_required left null: R.I. Gen. Laws section 5-8-18(c) requires charges 'sworn to by the person or persons making them,' but the online form shows no notarization or jurat field and DBR publishes no instruction on how the swearing requirement is satisfied electronically. The statute and the form are in apparent tension; do not report either 'notarization required' or 'not required' without asking DBR.— Dbr.ri.gov/boards-commissions/engineers returns 404; the live engineering-board content lives at bdp.ri.gov. |
| South Carolina | — Report supplies no enforcement measurement.— The employee requirement recorded as null because § 40-22-250(B)(1) permits a corporate officer, a principal owner, OR a full-time licensed employee — the survey recorded no value for that disjunction. The exact statutory text is in pe_employee_nuance.— Report supplies no verbatim text for the electric-cooperative exemption at § 40-22-280(A)(6), the FERC-regulated state authority exemption at (A)(7), or the full text of the manufacturing exemption at (A)(10).— CORRECTION APPLIED 2026-08-20: an earlier version of this record reported South Carolina as having no confidentiality provision, no anonymity answer, no notarization requirement and no statute of limitations. All four were wrong. They rested on reading Title 40 CHAPTER 1 (the umbrella professions chapter) and never reading CHAPTER 22, which is the engineering practice act and which answers all four. Chapter 22 has now been read in full (90,970 chars, 40 sections).— PROCEDURAL TENSION worth flagging to a filer: section 40-22-80(C) requires charges 'supported by affidavit of specific wrongdoing, and filed with the chairman of the board,' but the route LLR actually publishes is an online eService intake handled by the Office of Investigations and Enforcement. How the affidavit requirement is satisfied through the online form is not explained by either source. A filer intending to rely on the statutory route should ask LLR.— Notarization_required set true on the strength of the statutory affidavit requirement, NOT on an observed notary block in the online form - the eService form itself is script-rendered and was not read.— The South Carolina FOIA (S.C. Code section 30-4-40) was not read; it is no longer load-bearing here because section 40-22-190 supplies the confidentiality rule directly.— The Board Orders search URL carries divisionId=50, the engineering board's division identifier, taken from the board's own page markup. |
| South Dakota | — Report supplies no enforcement measurement.— Report does not define which businesses are "exempt business" for purposes of the 36-18A-50 certificate exception.— Publishes_enforcement recorded false: a link inventory of dlr.sd.gov/btp on 2026-08-20 found board meetings, minutes and financial documents but no disciplinary-action listing. Final board actions would be reachable through board minutes - NOT verified in this pass.— The complaint form is shared across all six professions the Board regulates; there is no engineer-only form. |
| Tennessee | — No live, current official text of the Tennessee Code could be opened; the statutory quotations rest on a 2016-vintage state republication retrieved via the Wayback Machine. Residual risk that a post-2016 amendment inserted definitional language is explicitly unresolved.— T.C.A. § 62-2-105 is titled "Violations -- Penalties -- Reporting offenses" in the index, but the survey supplies no text and does not state whether the penalty is criminal.— Report supplies no enforcement measurement.— § 62-2-103(2) and (4) are reproduced only in part (the survey's own ellipses); their full text was not captured.— Statute of limitations not established: no filing deadline is stated on the board's complaint page or in TDCI's published complaint FAQs. Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. ch. 0120 (board rules) was not searched for a limitations provision.— The confidentiality authority is TDCI's own published application of the Public Records Act; no engineering-specific statutory confidentiality provision was located or searched for in Tenn. Code Ann. tit. 62 ch. 2. |
| Texas | — The official statute host (statutes.capitol.texas.gov) was unreachable across four attempts; all statutory text is from the board's own handbook reproduction (source priority 3), not the official source.— The employee requirement recorded as null because the § 1001.405 rule is split — the full-time-employee condition binds only the supervision branch of (e)(3), and (f) preserves part-time practice. The schema enum cannot represent that; the precise reading is in pe_employee_nuance.— Enforcement scope is bounded — nine quarterly disciplinary PDFs, Feb 2024 through Aug 2026. Earlier quarters back to Nov 2023 exist on the same page and were not downloaded, so the zero-CP-cases finding does not speak to them.— No limitations period on filing was found in Tex. Occ. Code ch. 1001 or 22 TAC ch. 139 (board 'Acts and Rules' compilation effective June 18, 2026, searched for 'limitation', 'barred' and year-based deadlines in the enforcement chapter). Recorded as none rather than unknown, but the search was of the board's compiled Acts-and-Rules PDF, not of every Texas statute of general application.— The website instruction ('must be mailed rather than e-mailed') is narrower than the board's own rule 139.13(b), which permits electronic mail. Both are recorded; a filer should follow the website instruction.— Disciplinary actions are posted only for three years past the closing date; older closed cases must be requested from the Open Records Division at openrecords@pels.texas.gov. |
| United States Virgin Islands | — NO OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT-HOSTED TEXT OF TITLE 27 WAS OBTAINED. Everything quoted from the V.I. Code here is from Justia's '2025 U.S.V.I. Code', which carries an express disclaimer that it may not be the most recent version. the survey did not locate a Government of the Virgin Islands or V.I. Legislature consolidated code portal; the official code is published commercially by Michie/LexisNexis and is paywalled. Corroboration exists for sec. 283 only, via DLCA's verbatim republication. Sections 282(f), 282(i), 282a, 289, 290, 291 and the Chapter 9 sections rest on a single Tier 3 source. THIS IS THE WEAKEST EVIDENTIARY POSITION IN THIS FILE and any client-facing use should be re-verified against the official code.— THE PRE-2004 CONTENT OF 27 V.I.C. sec. 291(1) AND (2) IS UNKNOWN. Both are shown as '[Repealed.]' with the repeal attributed to Act No. 6697 (Nov. 23, 2004) sec. 4. the survey checked BOTH Justia editions available - the 2019 and the 2025 - and both show only '[Repealed.]'; no pre-2004 edition of the V.I. Code and no text of Act No. 6697 was located. Given the section caption 'Exemptions; temporary permits', and DLCA's continued issuance of temporary licenses, it is TEMPTING to conclude that (1) and (2) were the temporary-permit provisions - but the survey did not read the repealed text and does NOT assert this. What was repealed, and whether it included any industrial or in-house exemption, is unestablished. This matters directly: if the repealed paragraphs contained an industrial exemption, the negative finding above would still be correct as to CURRENT law but the history would read very differently.— THE STATUTORY BASIS FOR DLCA'S 'ENGINEERING FIRM' LICENSE AND FOR ITS TEMPORARY LICENSES IS UNIDENTIFIED. DLCA publishes an 'Engineering Firm $130.00' fee line on the Board's own requirements page and states that temporary licenses are issued for specific projects. Neither is traceable to 27 V.I.C. ch. 8, which contains no firm provision and whose temporary-permit paragraphs are repealed. The likely vehicles are the general business-license power at 27 V.I.C. secs. 301/302(b) and the Board's rulemaking power at sec. 282a(f)(7), but the survey did not obtain the Virgin Islands Rules and Regulations for Title 27 and does not assert either.— SECTIONS 283a (Conditional licenses), 284, 285, 287, 288 AND 292 WERE ENUMERATED FROM THE CHAPTER INDEX BUT NOT READ. the survey read secs. 281, 282, 282a, 283, 286, 289, 290 and 291 in full. Sec. 283a ('Conditional licenses') is the most likely of the unread sections to bear on a non-resident or reciprocity applicant - it is cross-referenced in sec. 282a(f)(5) as producing a license carrying a notation in the Board's register - and it was not opened. This is a known unread section, not an assertion that it is irrelevant, and it is a plausible home for relief from the sec. 283 residency condition.— SECTION 43(a) OF TITLE 33 V.I.C., cross-referenced by the sec. 291(4) sole-practitioner proviso, was not read.— WHETHER THE V.I. WATER AND POWER AUTHORITY OR OTHER TERRITORIAL PUBLIC CORPORATIONS FALL INSIDE 'the Virgin Islands Government' FOR sec. 291(5) PURPOSES WAS NOT DETERMINED. There is no public-utility exemption as such, so this question decides whether a territorial utility's in-house engineering - including its CP program - is exempt. Not inferred.— SOURCE TIER, stated plainly: the statutory text quoted above was read from law.justia.com, a MIRROR, not from an official Virgin Islands source. This is a tooling limitation, not a judgment that no official source exists. What was tried: www.legvi.org (Legislature of the Virgin Islands) returns HTTP 522 - a Cloudflare origin-unreachable error, confirmed in an automated browser, so the site is down rather than merely blocking bots; vicode.michie.com does not resolve at all; govt.westlaw.com/vic returns HTTP 403. Justia was reachable only through an automated browser (it 403s automated retrieval). Justia's own page carries a newer-version pointer to the 2025 U.S.V.I. Code, and the 2025 text of Sec. 288 was retrieved and is identical to the 2019 text; the section's history line ends at a 1987 amendment. Treat the quotes as accurate but re-verify against an official source before they are relied on in a client deliverable.— The practice act is 27 V.I.C. CHAPTER 8, not chapter 11. The first pass guessed 'believed to be V.I. Code tit. 27' without a chapter; chapter 11 of that title is 'Closing Times for Businesses'.— The two intake routes disagree on verification: the DLCA online form accepts an anonymous, unsworn complaint, while 27 V.I.C. Sec. 288(b) lets the Board consider a private person's complaint only if verified. The gap is bridged by the Board's power to act on its own motion. DLCA publishes nothing reconciling the two, and it is not established which route a consumer complaint about an engineer actually takes inside the department.— No published list of board disciplinary or enforcement actions was found on dlca.vi.gov; publishes_enforcement is recorded false on that basis, not on a departmental statement that it does not publish.— Whether DLCA accepts a mailed or e-mailed complaint in addition to the online form was not established. |
| Utah | — Report supplies no enforcement measurement.— Report does not state whether merely offering engineering services is itself a regulated act in Utah.— Url_verified is FALSE FOR A TOOLING REASON, NOT BECAUSE THE LINK IS BAD. dopl.utah.gov sits behind a Cloudflare interactive challenge that returns HTTP 403 to automated retrieval, and returns the 'Just a moment...' challenge interstitial - not the page - to an automated browser, retried at both 20-second and 60-second virtual-time budgets. Because the host answers 403 for fabricated paths as readily as for real ones, no automated probe can distinguish a live URL from a dead one here. Page content and both form links were therefore read from Internet Archive captures (page: https://web.archive.org/web/20251109042444/https://dopl.utah.gov/file-a-complaint/, 2025-11-09; PDF form capture 2025-10-13). The archive shows 45 captures spanning 2022-12-18 to 2026-08-13, so the page is live and current. Two related URLs WERE verified live at HTTP 200: the online portal https://services.dopl.utah.gov/ and the disciplinary database https://db.dopl.utah.gov/disciplinary-actions/. A human browser will reach the complaint page normally.— Who may file: not stated by DOPL. The form's certification implies filing on one's own behalf or as an authorized representative, but DOPL does not say a non-affected member of the public is barred.— Whether the complainant's identity is disclosed to the licensee is not established; DOPL publishes no statement either way. Utah Code Sec. 63G-2-305(10)(d) gives the division a discretionary basis to withhold a source's identity, but that is a protection the agency MAY claim, not a guarantee.— DOPL's assertion that complaints are 'not public information' cites no provision. Sec. 63G-2-305(10) is the classification that supports it, but the attribution is the survey's, not DOPL's. |
| Vermont | — Report supplies no enforcement measurement.— The no-firm-license finding covers only 26 V.S.A. ch. 20; Title 3 (Office of Professional Regulation) and Title 11 (business organizations) were not audited for a cross-cutting professional-entity requirement.— Anonymous filing: unresolved, and searched for. See anonymous_note for what was checked. This is an absence of published policy, not an inability to reach OPR's material.— Statute of limitations: none found. 3 V.S.A. Sec. 131 contains no limitations period and OPR publishes none; 3 V.S.A. ch. 5 subch. 3 was not searched section by section.— Whether a named complainant is disclosed to the respondent BEFORE charges are filed is not stated by OPR. Recorded as disclosed because the statutory discovery rule (Sec. 131(e)) reaches the investigative file once charged.— The Pega portal deep link WAS confirmed live in an automated browser - it loads a page titled 'File Complaint' under the Office of Professional Regulation - but the form itself is a JavaScript application that did not bootstrap in the automated browser session, so the form's own identity-field requirements could not be inspected. The URL carries a deployment-specific token and may change; the OPR page remains the stable entry point. Monthly discipline reports: https://sos.vermont.gov/opr/complaints-conduct-discipline/monthly-discipline-reports/— Sos.vermont.gov returns HTTP 403 to plain automated retrieval but serves normally to a browser user-agent; all pages cited were retrieved and read in full. |
| Virginia | — No verbatim text captured for any § 54.1-401 exemption; the audit paraphrases all three.— Whether the § 54.1-400 maintenance carve-out has been construed by the Board or Virginia courts was not researched.— Disciplinary actions are searchable through License Lookup for orders entered since April 1, 2002; DPOR does not publish a standalone chronological enforcement list.— The three-year / two-year limitations language is quoted from DPOR's own complaint page; the underlying statutory or regulatory citation for it was not located in this pass. |
| Washington | — Subsection numbers for the RCW 18.43.130 partnership provision were not identified.— Whether the corporate/LLC certificate of authorization reaches an OFFER to practice was not established from the text opened.— The full effect of 2026 c 134 across RCW 18.43 was not audited.— Statute of limitations: none stated by the board; ch. 18.43 RCW and ch. 18.235 RCW were not searched section by section for a limitations provision. The ch. 18.43 RCW finding above rests on the chapter's section-heading list, not on reading every section.— The Department of Licensing runs a separate complaint route (https://dol.wa.gov/professional-licenses/file-complaint) whose FAQ answers the anonymity question differently ('If you choose to remain anonymous but provide your contact information, our Records and Disclosure team will keep your information confidential'). That route does NOT cover engineers - engineers are absent from DOL's professions list and DOL's sitemap (1,173 URLs) contains no engineer or land surveyor page. Recorded here only to prevent a mis-route.— BRPELS does not publish a street or PO box address specifically for complaints; the online form and e-mail are the stated routes. |
| West Virginia | — No verbatim text captured for any of the three § 30-13-24 exemptions.— Criminal penalty section not located (see the criminal penalty question).— Statute of limitations: none found. W. Va. Code Sec. 30-13-11 and 7 W. Va. C.S.R. Sec. 7-2-2 were read in full; neither imposes a filing deadline. The remainder of W. Va. Code ch. 30 art. 13 was not read section by section.— The rule text was read from the board's own published 'Laws, Rules and Regulations' compilation (https://www.wvpebd.org/Portals/WVPEBD/docs/WVPEBD_LawsRulesRegs.pdf) rather than from the Secretary of State's administrative-law database. The SOS copy at https://apps.sos.wv.gov/adlaw/csr/readfile.aspx?DocId=17601&Format=PDF downloads as a 6-page PDF whose text layer is empty (image-only), so it could not be searched; it was not OCR'd. Board-published text is the same authority tier already accepted elsewhere in this project.— Note the domain: the board's site is wvpebd.GOV; wvpebd.org redirects to it and still hosts some rule PDFs. |
| Wisconsin | — No verbatim text captured for any of the 18 § 443.14 categories.— Whether § 443.08 reaches an OFFER to practice was not established from the text opened.— Criminal penalty section not located.— The online complaint portal (license.wi.gov) returns HTTP 403 to automated clients and could not be verified live; it is linked from the verified DSPS page, which is given as the complaint URL.— Statute of limitations: none stated by DSPS; Wis. Stat. ch. 440 and ch. 443 were not searched for a limitations provision.— DSPS states a resolution goal of 18 months and an average of under 11 months, which is a processing target, not a limitations period. |
| Wyoming | — Verbatim text captured for only one of the six § 33-29-604 exemptions.— The § 33-29-201 definition was captured as fragmentary quoted phrases rather than as one continuous verbatim sentence; the full subsection text should be re-pulled before publication.— Criminal penalty section not located.— Enforcement actions are published as a Google Sheet linked from the complaint/discipline page ('DISCIPLINARY MATTERS WITH ACTION', https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1BrTj9_MAT8-qaEclrHwzQKrYnbDPHC6xIo69SePemnM/edit, covering 2006 onward with hyperlinks to settlement agreements). The board page is given as enforcement_url because the sheet URL is a Google Docs share link.— THE BOARD'S OWN GUIDANCE IS STALE ON TWO POINTS. The Complaint Chronology (footer dates of January 30, 2018 and January 23, 2015) says a complaint 'may be submitted in letter format' and directs readers to 'Chapter VI of the Board's Rules and Regulations, beginning at Section 8.' The rules effective July 1, 2025 require the Board's form (ch. 6 Sec. 3(a)(i)) and place the complaint process at ch. 6 Sec. 3, not Section 8. A complainant following the published chronology would be following superseded guidance.— Whether the complainant is identified to the respondent in the ordinary (non-summary-suspension) path is not established; see identity_disclosure_note.— Statute of limitations: none found. Wyo. Stat. Ann. Secs. 33-29-308 and 33-29-701 to 709 were read, and the Board Rules ch. 6 was read in full; none imposes a filing deadline.— The board's forms and process documents are hosted on Google Drive, so their URLs are share links rather than agency-hosted paths. rules.wyo.gov could not be used - it returns its rule index through AJAX that did not populate in an automated browser - so the rules were read from the board's own published compilation. |